Table 1.

Eligibility Criteria for the Chronic Kidney Disease Water Intake Trial.

Inclusion criteria
● Age between 18 and 80 years. ● Able to provide informed consent and willing to complete follow-up visits. ● Estimated glomerular filtration rate between 30 and 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. ● Trace protein or greater (Albustix) or urine albumin/creatinine ratio ≥2.8 mg/mmol (if female) or ≥2.0 mg/mmol (if male) from a random spot urine sample. ● Ability to read and speak English.
Exclusion criteria
● Self-reported fluid intake ≥10 cups/day or 24-hour urine volume ≥3 L. ● Enrolled in another randomized controlled trial that could influence the intervention, outcomes, or data collection of this trial (or previously enrolled in this trial). ● Received one or more dialysis treatments in the past month. ● Received a kidney transplant in past 6 months. ● Pregnant or breastfeeding. ● History of kidney stones in the past 5 years. ● Less than 2 years’ life expectancy. ● Serum sodium <130 mEq/L without suitable explanation. ● Serum calcium >2.6 mmol/L without suitable explanation. ● Currently taking hydrochlorothiazide >25 mg/day, indapamide >2.5 mg/day, furosemide >40 mg/day, or metolazone >2.5 mg/day. ● Currently taking lithium. ● Currently under fluid restriction (<1.5 L a day) for kidney disease, heart failure, or liver disease, AND meets any of the following criteria (1) end-stage disease (heart left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, NYHA class 3 or 4, or end-stage cirrhosis) or (2) any hospitalization for heart failure, ascites, and/or anasarca. ● Significant gastrointestinal disease (eg, inflammatory bowel disease or Crohn disease)

Note. NYHA = New York Heart Association.