Figure 8.

Simplified manifold embedding approach for a sample which can rotate only about one axis and a three-pixel detector. A vector in this three-dimensional space represents a diffraction pattern, each axis is a pixel and each coordinate value is an intensity for that pixel. Rotation of the molecule causes the vector to trace out a loop as the particle returns to its original orientation, while neighboring points on the loop represent similar diffraction patterns with small vectors χ (the least-squares difference, Euclidean metric) between their ends. Patterns recorded from molecules in random orientations can then be sequenced for a movie by identifying the loop path.