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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosurg. 2016 Apr 1;126(1):191–200. doi: 10.3171/2016.1.JNS151591

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2

Artist’s illustration of cannula types for CED. Shown are 3 representative CED cannulas infiltrating a tumor to provide CED. From posterior to anterior, these cannulas include: 1) step-down cannula whose tip narrows all the way down to its catheter to reduce reflux, 2) a cannula with a flexible catheter, which is rigid during insertion due to the presence on the inside of a rigid stylet but becomes flexible after the cannula has been inserted and the rigid stylet is removed to allow long infusions in mobile patients; and 3) balloon-tip cannula with a balloon inflating upstream of the infusion occurring at the tip to reduce reflux. Copyright UCSF Neurosurgery. Published with permission. Figure is available in color online only.