Table 2. Characteristics of patients with tinnitus and with or without hyperacusis.
| Tinnitus (n = 363) | Tinnitus with hyperacusis (n = 118) | Statistics (t/x2; p-value; Cohen d) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | |||
| Referring hospital (university/general hospital/clinic) | 65/195/103; 18%/54%/28% | 35/64/19; 30%/54%/16% | 11.21; 0.004; 0.31 |
| 1. Age at visit (years) | 61.0 ± 15.8 | 60.4 ± 15.9 | −0.358; 0.653; 0.04 |
| 2. Gender (female/male) | 190/173; 52%/48% | 54/64; 46%/54% | 1.54; 0.214; 0.11 |
| 3. Handedness (right/left/both) | 330/14/14;92%/4%/4% | 104/9/5;88%/8%/4% | 2.72; 0.28; 0.15 |
| Tinnitus history | |||
| 5. Tinnitus duration (mouths) | 82.9 ± 136.1 | 84.7 ± 136.8 | 0.12; 0.90; 0.01 |
| 6. Onset style (gradual/abrupt) | 156/185; 46%/54% | 47/68; 59%/41% | 0.83; 0.36; 0.09 |
| 7. Onset related events (change in hearing/stress/trauma/others/none) | 55/75/21/23; 32%/43%/12%/13% | 21/31/7/6; 32%/48%/11%/9% | 0.92; 0.82; 0.11 |
| 8. Pulsatile (no/yes) | 244/92; 73%/27% | 64/47; 58%/42% | 8.72; 0.003; 0.28 |
| 9. Site of tinnitus (right/left/both or within head) | 88/96/102/29/6; 27%/30%/32%/9%/2% | 25/32/35/9/1; 25%/31%/34%/9%/1% | 0.83; 0.94; 0.00 |
| 10. Manifestation over time (intermittent/constant) | 77/268; 22%/78% | 20/92; 18%/82% | 1.01; 0.32; 0.09 |
| 11. Fluctuating (no/yes) | 169/187; 47%/53% | 48/69; 41%/59% | 1.42; 0.49; 0.10 |
| 12. Subjective tinnitus loudness (0–100) | 52.0 ± 30.7 | 64.1 ± 30.1 | 3.63; <0.001; 0.40 |
| 14. Character of tinnitus sound (tone/noise/crickets/others) | 96/79/106/27; 31%/26%/34%/9% | 22/32/25/11; 24%/36%/28%/12% | 5.32; 0.15; 0.63 |
| 15. Subjective tinnitus pitch (very high/high/medium/low) | 47/91/111/71; 15%/28%/35%/22% | 13/44/34/13; 13%/42%/33%/13% | 8.82; 0.03; 0.17 |
| 16. Subjective tinnitus awareness time (0–100) | 65.4 ± 35.4 | 71.0 ± 33.5 | 1.49; 0.14; 0.16 |
| 17. Subjective tinnitus annoyance (0–100) | 40.0 ± 31.9 | 57.9 ± 33.2 | 5.03; <0.001; 0.56 |
|
18. Treatments (many/ several/one/none) |
5/56/84/197; 2%/16%/25%/58% | 7/27/31/45; 6%/25%/28%/41% | 15.32; 0.002; 0.35 |
| Modifying influences | |||
| 19. Maskable by music or sound (no/yes/I don't know) | 76/163/113; 22%/46%/32% | 31/47/37; 27%/41%/32% |
1.66; 0.44; 0.05 |
| 20. Aggravated by noise (no/yes/I don't know) | 183/41/133; 51%/12%/37% | 30/39/46; 26%/34%/40% | 38.20; <0.001; 0.24 |
| 21. Somatic modulation (no/yes) | 296/52; 85%/15% | 93/20; 82%/18% | 0.49; 0.48; 0.07 |
| 22. Influence by nap (worsens/reduces/no effect) | 14/29/285;4%/9%/87% | 10/18/75; 10%/18%/73% | 11.38; 0.003; 0.32 |
| 23. Influence by sleep (no/yes/I don't know) | 120/53/177;34%/15%/51% | 23/25/64; 21%/22%/57% |
8.48; 0.014; 0.01 |
| 24. Influence by stress (worsen/reduces/no effect) | 110/13/199;34%/4%/62% | 65/1/37;63%/1%/36% | 27.52; <0.001; 0.50 |
| Related conditions | |||
| 26. Hearing impairment (no/yes) | 166/182; 48%/52% | 26/88; 23%/77% | 21.91; <0.001; 0.45 |
| 27. Hearing aid (no/yes) | 336/23; 94%/6% | 107/8; 93%/7% | 0.04; 0.84; 0.002 |
| 28. Noise intolerance (never/rarely/sometime/usually/always) | 261/42/42/3/3;74%/12%/12/%1%/1% | 32/13/40/17/9;29%/12%36%/15%/8% | 112.9; <0.001; 1.10 |
| 30. Headache (no/yes) | 263/96; 73%/27% | 72/45; 62%/39% | 5.82; 0.016; 0.22 |
| 31. Vertigo or dizziness (no/yes) | 245/116; 68%/32% | 63/53; 54%/46% | 7.05; 0.008; 0.25 |
| 32. Temporomandibular joint complaints (no/yes) | 292/53; 85%/15% | 86/26; 77%/23% | 3.65; 0.056; 0.18 |
| 33. Neck pain (no/yes) | 252/106; 70%/30% | 62/55; 53%/47% | 11.92; 0.001; 0.32 |
| 34. Other pain (no/yes) | 288/65; 82%/18% | 80/36; 69%/31% | 8.23; 0.004; 0.27 |
| 35. Psychiatric problems (no/yes) | 336/27; 93%/7% | 96/22; 81%/19% | 12.22; <0.001; 0.32 |
Patients with hyperacusis complained more severe tinnitus-related symptom than those without hyperacusis; including subjective tinnitus loudness and annoyance evaluating in this questionnaire, hearing impairment, a headache, vertigo, neck pain, other pain, and psychiatric problem. Meaningful contrasts are defined by p <0.05 and d >0.2 and marked in bold font.