Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics
| Control | Intervention | P-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 64.8 ± 1.7 | 65.1 ± 1.9 | .782 |
| Female sex (%) | 47 | 47 | 1.000 |
| Black race (%) | 83 | 84 | .773 |
| Hispanic/Latino (%) | 3 | 3 | 1.000 |
| Hospital risk score (%) | .276 | ||
| High risk (≥7) | 19 | 18 | |
| Intermediate risk (5–6) | 33 | 33 | |
| Low risk (≤4) | 48 | 49 | |
| Hospitalizations in prior year (#) | 1.5 ± 1.7 | 1.4 ± 1.9 | .201 |
| ED visits in prior year (#) | 2.1 ± 3.2 | 1.9 ± 3.2 | .362 |
| LVEF (%) | 36.6 ± 10.1 | 36.7 ± 11.4 | .895 |
| BMI | 32.0 ± 10.0 | 32.7 ± 14.5 | .414 |
| Median household income ($) | 35,969 ± 28,969 | 35,969 ± 23,425 | .709 |
| COPD (%) | 13 | 14 | .916 |
| Diabetes (%) | 31 | 29 | .640 |
| Hypertension (%) | 79 | 75 | .206 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 31 | 26 | .081 |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 40 | 38 | .509 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 30 | 30 | .876 |
| Heart rate (beats per minute) | 81.4 ± 13.9 | 81.5 ± 15.2 | .900 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 115.8 ± 19.7 | 116.6 ± 19.9 | .588 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 65.7 ± 14.7 | 65.8 ± 13.5 | .968 |
| eGFR | 48.2 ± 48.2 | 45.7 ± 23.6 | .166 |
| LDL | 76.9 ± 28.3 | 81.2 ± 30.2 | .050 |
| HDL | 46.2 ± 15.9 | 45.5 ± 18.6 | .577 |
| Total cholesterol | 143.9 ± 36.1 | 148.5 ± 38.7 | .086 |
| Platelets | 228.9 ± 91.4 | 232.7 ± 87.9 | .556 |
| NT-proBNP | 11,911 ± 19,787 | 13,741 ± 22,978 | .232 |
| Hemoglobin | 11.2 ± 2.3 | 11.2 ± 2.3 | .899 |
| Beta-blocker (%) | |||
| Overall | 56 | 62 | .103 |
| Among eligible patients* | 90 | 92 | .537 |
| ACE/ARB (%) | |||
| Overall | 47 | 46 | .898 |
| Among eligible patients† | 97 | 94 | .111 |
| Aldosterone antagonists (%) | |||
| Overall | 21 | 25 | .104 |
| Among eligible patients‡ | 41 | 49 | .101 |
| Loop diuretic (%) | 67 | 69 | .540 |
| Statin (%) | 28 | 33 | .214 |
| Antiplatelets (%) | 31 | 34 | .493 |
| Warfarin (%) | 17 | 15 | .561 |
ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; BMI = body mass index; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; ED = emergency department; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction; NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide; SBP = systolic blood pressure.
*
LVEF <40%, without uncontrolled asthma or COPD, bradycardia, hypotension, or prior intolerance.
†
LVEF <40%, without severe renal disease, hyperkalemia, renal artery stenosis, hypotension, or prior intolerance.
‡
LVEF <40%, without severe renal disease, hyperkalemia, or prior intolerance.