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. 2017 Aug 28;15:67. doi: 10.1186/s12915-017-0407-1

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© Sanders et al. 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 8 — Worm sleep deprivation results in excess twitching of vulval muscles. a A schematic representation of the imaging setup. Top: fluorescently labeled anterior and posterior vulval muscle groups. Worms crawl on their left or right side such that their dorsoventral axis is parallel to the imaging plane. b Example traces of the ratio of GCaMP5 to mCherry fluorescence from anterior and posterior vms. c The total number of calcium transients in vms of undisrupted and sleep-deprived worms. An average increase of 30% in the number of vm twitches was detected in ire-1 (UPR^ER deficient) mutants. No significant changes were detected in wild-type animals and ubl-5 (UPR^mt deficient) mutants. Horizontal lines, boxes, and bars depict medians, 1^st and 3^rd quartiles, and 5th and 95th percentiles, respectively. Sample sizes are noted in parentheses, and the asterisk denotes a significant difference (p < 0.02)