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(A) Innate immune resistance is driven by activation of PI3K/Akt kinase and IL-6/STAT3 oncogenic signaling that up-modulate PDL-1 protein expression in tumor cells, resulting PD-1/PD-L1 complexation. (B) Adaptive immune resistance of cancer cells is outcome of INF-γ responded PDL1 expression. MHC and TCR interaction helps T-cell activation (Pardoll, 2012).
