Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2017 Jun 24;220(7):1133–1140. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.006

Table 4.

Associations of dichloromethane exposures and childhood cancers within a 3km buffer between residences and releasing facilities for births in CA between 1983–2011 using the inverse-distance weighting and quadratic decay models in pregnancy using high and low exposure versus no exposure

Inverse-distance weighting Quadratic decay
Cancer Cases (n) OR* OR** Cases (n) OR* OR**
Hematopoietic cancers
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 233 1.03 0.99 (0.87, 1.14) 219 0.97 0.93 (0.81, 1.06)
   High 223 1.03 0.99 (0.86, 1.14) 237 1.09 1.06 (0.93, 1.22)
Leukemias
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 214 1.04 1.02 (0.88, 1.17) 199 0.97 0.94 (0.81, 1.09)
   High 194 1.00 0.96 (0.83, 1.12) 209 1.08 1.05 (0.91, 1.21)
  ALL
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 184 1.06 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) 171 0.99 0.97 (0.83, 1.13)
   High 153 0.93 0.88 (0.75, 1.04) 166 1.00 0.97 (0.82, 1.14)
  AML
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 24 0.93 0.90 (0.59, 1.35) 21 0.81 0.78 (0.50, 1.21)
   High 33 1.46 1.46 (1.01, 2.11) 36 1.59 1.61 (1.13, 2.28)
Lymphomas
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 19 0.97 0.78 (0.49, 1.24) 20 1.00 0.81 (0.52, 1.28)
   High 29 1.24 1.25 (0.85, 1.85) 28 1.21 1.22 (0.82, 1.81)
  Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 3 0.50 N/A 3 0.38 N/A
   High 8 1.37 N/A 8 1.49 N/A
CNS tumors
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 93 0.99 1.04 (0.84, 1.29) 94 1.00 1.05 (0.85, 1.29)
   High 89 0.99 1.09 (0.87, 1.36) 88 0.99 1.08 (0.87, 1.35)
Ependymoma
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 9 1.06 N/A 6 0.82 N/A
   High 8 0.78 N/A 11 1.04 1.34 (0.71, 2.50)
Astrocytoma
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 35 0.84 0.89 (0.64, 1.26) 36 0.84 0.91 (0.65, 1.28)
   High 37 0.90 1.01 (0.72, 1.41) 36 0.90 0.99 (0.70, 1.39)
Neuroblastoma
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 47 0.87 0.89 (0.66, 1.19) 52 0.94 0.98 (0.74, 1.29)
   High 45 0.89 0.95 (0.70, 1.29) 40 0.82 0.85 (0.61, 1.17)
Retinoblastoma
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 32 1.05 1.05 (0.73, 1.51) 35 1.15 1.14 (0.81, 1.62)
   High 28 1.18 1.03 (0.69, 1.52) 25 1.08 0.92 (0.61, 1.39)
Unilateral RB
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 22 1.03 1.03 (0.67, 1.60) 24 1.12 1.12 (0.74, 1.70)
   High 18 1.05 0.93 (0.57, 1.51) 16 0.96 0.83 (0.50, 1.38)
Bilateral RB
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 10 1.13 1.10 (0.58, 2.10) 11 1.25 1.21 (0.65, 2.24)
   High 10 1.53 1.25 (0.64, 2.41) 9 1.40 N/A
Wilms tumor
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 41 0.99 1.03 (0.75, 1.41) 42 1.03 1.05 (0.76, 1.44)
   High 26 0.88 0.72 (0.48, 1.07) 25 0.84 0.69 (0.46, 1.04)
Hepatoblastoma
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 14 1.05 1.19 (0.69, 2.05) 14 1.05 1.19 (0.69, 2.05)
   High 10 1.22 1.13 (0.59, 2.16) 10 1.22 1.13 (0.59, 2.17)
Soft Tissue sarcomas
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 31 1.09 1.19 (0.83, 1.72) 35 1.21 1.33 (0.94, 1.89)
   High 26 1.05 1.13 (0.75, 1.70) 22 0.92 0.96 (0.62, 1.49)
Germ Cell tumors
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 28 1.85 1.62 (1.09, 2.40) 31 2.01 1.78 (1.22, 2.60)
   High 22 1.51 1.41 (0.90, 2.21) 19 1.34 1.22 (0.75, 1.96)
Yolk Sac tumors
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 11 1.67 1.50 (0.80, 2.80) 12 1.79 1.63 (0.89, 2.98)
   High 5 1.14 N/A 4 1.01 N/A
Teratomas
   No exposure 1.00 Ref 1.00 Ref
   Low 16 2.29 2.06 (1.22, 3.48) 17 2.42 2.18 (1.30, 3.64)
   High 15 2.17 2.10 (1.20, 3.67) 14 2.02 1.96 (1.10, 3.47)
*

Adjusted for matching factor only (birth year)

**

Adjusted for birth year, SES, mother’s age, mother’s education, rural/urban status, and child’s sex