Table 2.
Patients’ clinical characteristics, n = 87
| Self-reported measures | ||
|
| ||
| Health status, median (IQR) | ||
| VR-12 Physical component scorea | 22.8 | (17.9, 29.9) |
| VR-12 Mental component scorea | 37.4 | (31.6, 45.6) |
| Pain severityb, mean (SD) | 7.6 | (1.8) |
| Positive SOAPP-SF screenc, n (%) | 50 | (57.5%) |
| Pain catastrophizing, mean (SD) | 16.3 | (7.9) |
| Patient experience measuresd, median (IQR) | ||
| Agreement with treatment plan (range 3-21) | 20 | (17, 21) |
| Physician communication skills (range 0-12) | 12 | (11, 12) |
| Trust in physician (range 5-25) | 24 | (21, 25) |
| Patient-reported visit difficulty (range 5-30) | 7 | (5, 13) |
| Physician-reported visit difficultye, mean (SD) | 27.7 | (10.6) |
|
| ||
| Data from medical record review | ||
|
| ||
| Pain locationf, n (%) | ||
| Back | 64 | (73.6%) |
| Lower limb (e.g., knee, hip) | 47 | (54.0%) |
| Upper limb (e.g., shoulder) | 31 | (35.6%) |
| Neck | 18 | (20.7%) |
| Generalized pain | 17 | (19.5%) |
| Headache | 15 | (17.2%) |
| Abdomen / Pelvis | 10 | (11.5%) |
| Chest wall | 4 | (4.6%) |
| Other | 7 | (8.0%) |
| Medical diagnoses, n (%) | ||
| Hypertension | 61 | (70.1%) |
| Osteoarthritis | 31 | (35.6%) |
| COPD | 29 | (33.3%) |
| Diabetes | 24 | (27.6%) |
| Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 17 | (19.5%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 17 | (19.5%) |
| Fibromyalgia | 11 | (12.6%) |
| Neuropathy / Neuropathic pain | 7 | (8.0%) |
| Mental health diagnoses, n (%) | ||
| Depression | 47 | (54.0%) |
| Anxiety | 30 | (34.5%) |
| Insomnia | 10 | (11.5%) |
| Bipolar disorder | 7 | (8.0%) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 3 | (3.4%) |
| Substance-related characteristics | ||
| Daily opioid doseg, (Median, IQR) | 40 | (20, 80) |
| Co-prescribed benzodiazepines, n (%) | 21 | (24.1%) |
| Any documented aberrant opioid behaviorh, n (%) | 19 | (21.8%) |
| Current or past substance use diagnosisi, n (%) | 35 | (40.2%) |
| Current tobacco use, n (%) | 24 | (27.6%) |
Veterans SF-12, range 0-100; higher score = better health
Measured using PEG, range 0-10
Range 0-20; higher score = greater risk of opioid misuse. Positive screen is score ≥4
Higher scores = more positive experience for agreement with treatment plan, communication skills, and trust in physician. Higher scores = worse experience for patient-reported visit difficulty. 1 missing value for trust and patient-reported visit difficulty
Range 10-60; higher scores = more difficult visit
Categories are not mutually exclusive
Morphine milligram equivalents
Includes early refill requests, taking more opioids than prescribed, lost or stolen prescriptions, using opioids for nonmedical purposes, abnormal urine drug screen, obtaining opioids from clinicians outside of UC Davis, and violation of signed patient-prescriber controlled substance agreement
Includes current or previous illegal drug use, prescription drug abuse, alcohol abuse as well as current marijuana use