Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism, stratified by biochemical outcome
| Total cohort | Biochemical success
|
Overall p value | Pairwise comparison (p values)
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Complete | Partial | Absent | Complete vs partial | Complete vs absent | Partial vs absent | |||
| Biochemical outcome | 699 (100%) | 656 (94%) | 27 (4%) | 16 (2%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Age (years) | 50·8 (10·9) | 50·8 (10·9) | 51·8 (9·9) | 48·7 (12·5) | 0·718 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Sex* | ||||||||
| Female | 308 (44%) | 291 (44%) | 12 (44%) | 5 (31%) | 0·580 | NA | NA | NA |
| Male | 391 (56%) | 365 (56%) | 15 (56%) | 11 (69%) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2; n=697) | 27·6 (5·2) | 27·6 (5·2) | 25·6 (5·3) | 30·0 (6·6) | 0·037 | 0·142 | 0·235 | 0·025 |
|
| ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg; n=697) | 150·8 (21·5) | 151·3 (21·6) | 142·4 (20·7) | 145·8 (13·1) | 0·094 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg; n=697) | 91·8 (13·3) | 92·0 (13·3) | 86·7 (14·5) | 91·5 (10·6) | 0·332 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Known duration of hypertension (months; n=606) | 96 (39 to 177) | 96 (36 to 168) | 120 (63 to 188) | 152 (42 to 241) | 0·187 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Antihypertension medication (defined daily dose) | 3·0 (1·5 to 4·7) | 3·0 (1·5 to 4·7) | 3·0 (2·0 to 3·5) | 4·0 (2·0 to 5·4) | 0·476 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Plasma aldosterone (pmol/L; n=697) | 858 (558 to 1382) | 860 (566 to 1393) | 768 (580 to 1617) | 518 (333 to 901) | 0·013 | 1·000 | 0·010 | 0·036 |
|
| ||||||||
| DRC (mU/L; n=294) | 4·0 (2·0 to 8·0) | 4·0 (2·0 to 8·0) | 11·5 (6·1 to 14·9) | 6·1 (3·2 to 14·0) | 0·185 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| ARR_DRC (n=294) | 210 (89 to 414) | 216 (93 to 423) | 64 (37 to 154) | 110 (59 to 277) | 0·079 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| PRA (pmol/L per min; n=396) | 3·8 (1·3 to 7·7) | 3·8 (1·3 to 7·7) | 2·6 (1·3 to 5·1) | 5·8 (3·8 to 7·7) | 0·450 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| ARR_PRA (n=396) | 256 (116 to 648) | 267 (117 to 643) | 236 (112 to 876) | 79 (43 to 129) | 0·050 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Lowest serum potassium ion concentration (mmol/L; n=616) | 3·1 (2·7 to 3·5) | 3·1 (2·7 to 3·4) | 3·3 (3·0 to 3·6) | 3·0 (2·6 to 3·4) | 0·108 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Albuminuria (mg/day; n=410) | 10·0 (2·8 to 21·5) | 10·0 (2·7 to 21·1) | 10·2 (5·3 to 24·5) | 6·1 (4·5 to 14·0) | 0·745 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Creatinine (mmol/L; n=614) | 70·7 (60·0 to 84·0) | 70·7 (60·0 to 85·3) | 61·9 (53·0 to 70·7) | 70·7 (65·4 to 85·7) | 0·013 | 0·014 | 1·000 | 0·068 |
|
| ||||||||
| eGFR (mL/min per 1·73 m2; n=497) | 84·8 (70·3 to 95·7) | 84·5 (70·1 to 95·3) | 87·3 (76·8 to 95·0) | 88·8 (55·0 to 103·6) | 0·487 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Left ventricular hypertrophy (n=449) | 233/449 (52%) | 221/428 (52%) | 8/18 (44%) | 4/9 (44%) | 0·778 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Diabetes (n=546) | 84/546 (15%) | 78/516 (15%) | 3/25 (12·0%) | 3/11(27%) | 0·504 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Lateralisation index (n=669) | 11·9 (6·3 to 26·1) | 12·4 (6·5 to 27·1) | 6·5 (3·1 to 11·3) | 5·7 (4·4 to 10·0) | <0·001 | 0·001 | 0·012 | 1·000 |
|
| ||||||||
| SI_RAV (n=598) | 20·3 (5·5 to 33·8) | 20·3 (5·7 to 34·2) | 20·5 (3·6 to 28·6) | 16·6 (3·2 to 32·0) | 0·469 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| SI_LAV (n=604) | 14·0 (6·0 to 25·6) | 14·0 (6·1 to 25·5) | 13·1 (5·2 to 26·8) | 14·2 (4·1 to 23·2) | 0·962 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Contralateral ratio (n=601) | 0·3 (0·2 to 0·7) | 0·3 (0·2 to 0·6) | 0·6 (0·3 to 1·2) | 0·6 (0·2 to 2·5) | 0·002 | 0·007 | 0·177 | 1·000 |
|
| ||||||||
| Presence of contralateral suppression (n=601) | 519/601 (86%) | 494/570 (87%) | 18/25 (72%) | 7/12 (58%) | 0·004 | 0·431 | 0·008 | 0·249 |
|
| ||||||||
| Ipsilateral ratio (n=518) | 4·6 (2·6 to 8·7) | 4·6 (2·6 to 8·7) | 5·3 (2·9 to 7·3) | 6·4 (2·5 to 19·9) | 0·858 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Adrenal nodule (n=597) | 13 (9 to 17) | 13 (10 to 17) | 8 (7 to 15) | 14 (7 to 19) | 0·016 | 0·012 | 1·000 | 0·232 |
|
| ||||||||
| Systolic blood pressure at follow-up (mm Hg; n=697) | 128·7 (13·7) | 128·4 (13·5) | 132·9 (16·6) | 136·2 (12·9) | 0·020 | 0·268 | 0·069 | 1·000 |
|
| ||||||||
| Diastolic blood pressure at follow-up (mm Hg; n=697) | 81·2 (10·0) | 81·0 (9·8) | 84·0 (13·1) | 86·9 (8·1) | 0·022 | 0·359 | 0·058 | 1·000 |
|
| ||||||||
| Defined daily dose at follow-up | 0·6 (0·0 to 2·5) | 0·5 (0·0 to 2·5) | 1·0 (0·3 to 2·0) | 2·2 (1·0 to 4·2) | 0·002 | 0·433 | 0·004 | 0·281 |
|
| ||||||||
| Pre-post Delta systolic blood pressure (mm Hg; n=697) | 22·1 (22·0) | 22·9 (22·0) | 9·5 (20·9) | 9·7 (17·1) | 0·001 | 0·006 | 0·050 | 1·000 |
|
| ||||||||
| Pre-post Delta diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg; n=697) | 10·5 (13·9) | 11·0 (13·8) | 2·6 (17·5) | 4·7 (9·5) | 0·002 | 0·006 | 0·219 | 1·000 |
|
| ||||||||
| Pre-post Delta defined daily dose | 1·6 (0·5 to 3·0) | 1·7 (0·5 to 3·0) | 1·5 (0·5 to 2·3) | 0·8 (–0·7 to 4·4) | 0·271 | NA | NA | NA |
|
| ||||||||
| Pre-post Delta systolic blood pressure (% [SD]; n=697) | 13·3% (13·1) | 13·8% (12·9) | 5·5% (13·6) | 6·0% (11·4) | <0·001 | 0·003 | 0·053 | 1·000 |
|
| ||||||||
| Pre-post Delta diastolic blood pressure (% [SD]; n=697) | 10·0% (14·8) | 10·6% (14·2) | 0·4% (24·3) | 4·4% (10·3) | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·286 | 1·000 |
|
| ||||||||
| Pre-post Delta defined daily dose (% [IQR]) | 76·7% (36·7 to 100·0) | 82·2% (40·0 to 100·0) | 50·0% (33·3 to 90·0) | 27·4% (–50·1 to 70·9) | <0·001 | 0·120 | 0·002 | 0·396 |
Data are mean (SD), n (%), n/N (%), or median (IQR), unless stated otherwise. All variables refer to baseline data unless otherwise stated. p values of less than 0·05 were considered significant. Adrenal nodule refers to diameter of largest nodule at pathology. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and defined daily dose at follow-up refer to variables measured at 6–12 months. Pre-post Delta systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or defined daily dose refer to the difference between pre-surgical and post-surgical blood pressures (systolic or diastolic blood pressure) or antihypertensive drug doses (defined daily dose). Defined daily dose is calculated according to the ATC/DDD Index 2010. Left ventricular hypertrophy was assessed with echocardiography. Lateralisation index: ([aldosterone]/[cortisol])dominant adrenal vein/([aldosterone]/[cortisol]non-dominant adrenal vein). SI_RAV: [cortisol]right adrenal vein/[cortisol]peripheral vein. SI_LAV: [cortisol]left adrenal vein/[cortisol]peripheral vein. Contralateral ratio: ([aldosterone]/[cortisol]non-dominant adrenal vein)/([aldosterone]/[cortisol]peripheral vein). Contralateral suppression defined as contralateral ratio less than 1. Ipsilateral ratio: ([aldosterone]/[cortisol]dominant adrenal vein)/([aldosterone]/[cortisol]peripheral vein). NA=not applicable. DRC=direct renin concentration. ARR=aldosterone-to-renin ratio. ARR_DRC=ARR calculated with the DRC. PRA=plasma renin activity. ARR_PRA=ARR calculated with the PRA. eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate. SI_RAV=selectivity index of the right adrenal vein. SI_LAV=selectivity index of the left adrenal vein.
The p value is for sex in general.