Table 1.
Definitions and measurements of resilience.
| Composite | Indicator | Definitions or Measurements (Unit) |
|---|---|---|
| Resistance | Wet index (WI) | Ratio of predicted wheat yield (PWY) in region r and year y to its mean. A WI that is greater or less than one expresses a predicted return or loss in the wet or dry years. |
| Absorption | Wheat harvest index (WHI) | Ratio of actual wheat yield (WY) in region r and year y to its regional average. WHI had a score greater or less than one for years with good or poor harvests. |
| Restoration (Adaptive Capacity) | Total labor used (TLU) | Total number of full-time weeks worked by all farm workers including hired labor (week). |
| Age of manager (AM) | Age of the primary decision-maker in the farm business (year). | |
| Telephone charges (TC) | Telephone charges per year ($K). | |
| Value of land and improvements (VLI) | Market value of all land operated and fixed improvements starting at the end of the financial year estimated by the owner–manager or cooperator in the survey year ($M). | |
| Electricity expenditure (EE) | Expenditure on electricity per year ($K). | |
| Crop-revenue levels (CRL) | Crop-revenue levels in the nth year equal to the average of summing total crop gross revenues in the previous n − 1 years. The total gross revenues come from sales of crops and hay ($K). | |
| Soil water-holding capacity (SWHC) | Drained upper limit minus crop lower limit. Drained upper limit is the amount of water that a particular zone of soil holds after drainage has largely ceased. Crop lower limit is the amount of water remaining after a particular crop has extracted all the water available to it from the soil zone (mm). | |
| Total closing capital (TCC) | Closing value of all assets used on the farm including leased equipment but excluding machinery and equipment either hired or used by contractors ($M). | |
| Access to financing (AF) | Borrowing capacity plus liquid assets. Borrowing capacity is derived from each farm’s equity ratio. When the equity ratio is less than 70%, borrowing capacity is zero; otherwise borrowing capacity = (equity ratio − 0.70) × total closing capital ($M). | |
| Total cash income level (TCIL) | Total cash income level in the nth year is the averages of summing total cash income in the previous n − 1 years. Total cash income equals that cash income plus off–farm income ($K). |
1$K, 1000$; 1$M, 1000,000$; Data Source: Predicted wheat yield comes from the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO); Soil water-holding capacity is from Australian Soil Resource Information System (ASRIS); others are from Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS). The survey year is 1991–2010.