Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population.

	Complete sample N = 102	CM− group (no childhood maltreatment) N = 73 (72%)	CM+ group (≥ 1 type of childhood maltreatment) N = 29 (28%)
Age in years, mean ± SD	27.9 ± 5.5	28.4 ± 5.2	26.6 ± 6.1
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White, N (%)	41 (40.2)	34 (46.6)	7 (24.1)*
Hispanic White, N (%)	36 (35.3)	23 (31.5)	13 (44.8)
Parity
Nulliparous, N (%)	38 (37.7)	26 (35.6)	12 (41.4)
Primiparous, N (%)	31 (30.4)	24 (32.9)	7 (24.1)
Pre-pregnancy body mass index ≥ 25, N (%)	52 (51.0)	38 (52.1)	14 (48.3)
Childhood SES, mean ± SD	13.0 ± 3.7	13.4 ± 3.4	12.0 ± 4.3†
Education, mean ± SD	3.2 ± 1.0	3.4 ± 1.0	2.9 ± 0.9*
Depression in pregnancy (CES-D), mean ± SD	13.0 ± 7.8	11.7 ± 7.5	16.3 ± 7.8**
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
Total Score, mean ± SD	34.8 ± 13.2	29.1 ± 4.1	49.0 ± 17.0**
Emotional Abuse, mean ± SD	7.2 ± 3.6	5.8 ± 1.3	11.0 ± 4.9**
Physical Abuse, mean ± SD	6.3 ± 3.0	5.5 ± 0.9	8.3 ± 5.0**
Sexual Abuse, mean ± SD	6.1 ± 4.0	5.1 ± 0.4	8.8 ± 6.9**
Emotional Neglect, mean ± SD	8.8 ± 3.8	7.3 ± 2.6	12.5 ± 3.7**
Physical Neglect, mean ± SD	6.3 ± 2.3	5.5 ± 1.0	8.4 ± 3.2**

Note. CM = childhood maltreatment; SES = Socio-economic status; CES-D = Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale; CTQ = Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Group differences were tested with independent sample t-tests or chi-square tests.

^†p < .1;

^*p < .05;

^**p < .01