Table 1. Baseline characteristics of participants.
| All | HU- (95.8%) | HU+ (4.2%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1094 | 1048 | 46 | - |
| Male gender (%) | 822 (75.0%) | 787 (75.1%) | 35 (76.1%) | 0.879 |
| Age (years) | 48.7±8.8 | 48.7±8.9 | 49.1±8.4 | 0.774 |
| White race (%) | 999 (91.3%) | 958 (91.4%) | 41 (89.1%) | 0.751 |
| Higher education (%) | 659 (60.2%) | 633 (60.4%) | 26 (56.5%) | <0.001 |
| Sedentary lifestyle (%) | 577 (52.2%) | 541 (51.6%) | 29 (63.0%) | 0.129 |
| Current smoker (%) | 131 (12%) | 128 (12.2%) | 3 (6.5%) | 0.244 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1±4.6 | 27.1±4.5 | 29.9±5.5 | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 119.4±16.5 | 119.1±16.4 | 126.6±18.2 | 0.002 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76.2±11.0 | 76.0±11.0 | 81.6±10.9 | 0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 99.0±21.7 | 98.8±21.9 | 103.5±17.9 | 0.154 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 135.4±85.3 | 132.2±83.6 | 209.7±92.3 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 202.0±37.2 | 201.5±37.2 | 214.6±37.6 | 0.019 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 43.1±11.0 | 43.3±11.0 | 39.5±11.5 | 0.023 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | ||||
| Male | 0.79±0.16 | 0.78±0.16 | 0.84±0.16 | 0.036 |
| Female | 0.62±0.17 | 0.61±0.17 | 0.69±0.16 | 0.114 |
| eGFR, mL·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 | 105.6±14.8 | 105.8±14.9 | 100.2±14.1 | 0.013 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | ||||
| Male | 4.9±1.2 | 4.8±1.0 | 7.7±0.6 | <0.001 |
| Female | 3.6±1.2 | 3.5±1.0 | 6.8±0.7 | <0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome (%) | 517 (47.3%) | 477 (45.5%) | 40 (87%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 60 (5.5%) | 56 (5.3%) | 4 (8.7%) | 0.328 |
| Hypertension (%) | 313 (28.6%) | 294 (28.1%) | 19 (41.3%) | 0.052 |
Data are reported as means±SD, or number and %. HU: hyperuricemia; BP: blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate using CKD-EPI equation. Statistical analysis was done with the t-test and chi-square test or their non-parametric equivalent, as appropriate.