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. 2017 Sep;23(9):1510–1516. doi: 10.3201/eid2309.170276

Table 2. Relative risks for introduction of low pathogenicity avian influenza virus infection in different types of poultry farms, the Netherlands, 2007–2013.

Type of poultry farm Relative risk (95% CI) p value
Indoor-layer 1.0 (reference)
Outdoor-layer 6.3 (4.7–8.6) <0.00001
Layer-breeder 0.5 (0.3–0.8) 0.008
Broiler 0.2 (0.1–0.8) 0.02
Broiler-breeder 0.4 (0.2–0.8) 0.004
Meat-turkey 12.0 (7.8–18.8) <0.00001
Turkey-breeder 11.3 (2.8–46.2) 0.0008
Meat-duck 39.5 (22.6–69.1) <0.00001
Duck-breeder 25.5 (14.2–45.9) <0.00001
Natural logarithm* 0.8 (0.7–0.9) 0.00005

*Of distance to medium-sized waterways in meters, i.e., 3–6 m wide.