Table 2.
Characteristics of Arabidopsis and rice plants with altered nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase activity.
| Plant |
Arabidopsis |
Rice |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Line | Wild type | #5 | #8 | #15 | Wild type | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 (albino) |
| Biological replicates | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 16 | 3 | 5 | 3 |
| Plants per replicate | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Specific activity (nkat mg-1) | 0.07 ± 0.04 | 1.26 ± 0.30 | 1.65 ± 0.61 | 0.86 ± 0.24 | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.09 ± 0.02 | 0.12 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.57 ± 0.12 |
| p-value | 1.29E-03 | 0.021 | 2.53E-03 | 1.39E-10 | 4.41E-03 | 0.029 | 0.022 | ||
| Total flavins (pmol) | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 5.6 ± 1.5 | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 1.2 | 6.0 ± 2.4 | 1.8 ± 0.2 |
| p-value | 0.94 | 0.74 | 0.56 | 0.78 | 0.35 | 0.77 | 7.59E-05 | ||
| FAD (%) | 61.1 ± 1.9 | 44.1 ± 6.0 | 42.5 ± 8.8 | 45.3 ± 8.5 | 51.2 ± 0.9 | 51.5 ± 1.5 | 49.5 ± 2.6 | 52.0 ± 1.3 | 55.1 ± 0.5 |
| p-value | 3.20E-03 | 0.033 | 0.019 | 0.56 | 0.45 | 0.30 | 5.9E-4 | ||
| FMN (%) | 26.3 ± 0.8 | 38.3 ± 4.1 | 40.3 ± 4.9 | 34.6 ± 5.7 | 46.7 ± 0.6 | 45.8 ± 1.3 | 47.7 ± 2.3 | 45.3 ± 1.3 | 34.4 ± 1.4 |
| p-value | 3.57E-03 | 0.015 | 0.042 | 0.040 | 0.58 | 0.11 | 5.09E-03 | ||
| Riboflavin (%) | 12.6 ± 2.3 | 17.6 ± 4.4 | 17.2 ± 5.3 | 20.0 ± 5.1 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.4 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | 10.5 ± 2.0 |
| p-value | 0.090 | 0.23 | 0.041 | 7.29E-03 | 0.046 | 0.063 | 0.026 | ||
| Chlorophyll a (μg mg-1) | 0.71 ± 0.10 | 0.65 ± 0.11 | 0.70 ± 0.11 | 0.76 ± 0.12 | 1.09 ± 0.19 | 1.02 ± 0.12 | 1.07 ± 0.04 | 1.33 ± 0.24 | < LOD |
| p-value | 0.45 | 0.91 | 0.46 | 0.38 | 0.80 | 0.19 | n.d. | ||
| Chlolophyll b (μg mg-1) | 0.24 ± 0.03 | 0.22 ± 0.03 | 0.23 ± 0.04 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.28 ± 0.05 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.37 ± 0.06 | < LOD |
| p-value | 0.43 | 0.83 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.92 | 0.082 | n.d. | ||
| Chlorophyll a/b | 3.01 | 3.00 | 3.05 | 3.04 | 3.85 | 3.86 | 3.84 | 3.59 | n.d. |
| p-value | 0.73 | 0.052 | 0.13 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.021 | n.d. | ||
Extracts from the leaves of 4-week-old Arabidopsis overexpressing ZmNPP gene (LOC100280465) and 2-week-old rice plants with enhanced expression of putative nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase OsNPP gene (LOC_OS01G10020) Were analyzed as described in Section “Materials and Methods.” Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase activity was measured as fad hydrolysis. results are given as mean values ± standard deviation; p-value was determined using student’s t-test against the wild type lines with number of biological replicates indicated for each line in the table; <LOD, below limit of detection; N.D., not determined.