Table 2.
Multivariate logistic regression model for comparison of ORs between men and women (subjects who were >19 years old)
| Variables | DED symptoms
|
DED diagnosis
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men, OR (95% CI, P-value) | Women, OR (95% CI, P-value) | P for interaction of sex | Men, OR (95% CI, P-value) | Women, OR (95% CI, P-value) | P for interaction of sex | |
| Age (10-year increase)* | 1.01 (0.94–1.09, 0.737) | 0.94 (0.90–0.98, 0.008) | 0.044 | 1.04 (0.94–1.14, 0.424) | 0.91 (0.86–0.97, 0.003) | 0.011 |
| Region of residence (urban/rural) | 1.13 (0.89–1.42, 0.321) | 1.27 (1.07–1.51, 0.007) | 0.322 | 1.05 (0.80–1.39, 0.708) | 1.31 (1.11–1.55, 0.002) | 0.179 |
| Education level (university or higher/high school or less) | 1.28 (1.03–1.58, 0.023) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19, 0.855) | 0.271 | 1.30 (0.97–1.75, 0.075) | 0.95 (0.79–1.15, 0.621) | 0.149 |
| Income level (high/low) | 0.96 (0.78–1.17, 0.663) | 1.08 (0.95–1.23, 0.253) | 0.272 | 1.40 (1.08–1.83, 0.012) | 1.10 (0.94–1.29, 0.239) | 0.196 |
| Dyslipidemia (±) | 1.43 (1.07–1.92, 0.016) | 1.38 (1.14–1.67, <0.001) | 0.912 | 1.66 (1.15–2.37, 0.006) | 1.79 (1.46–2.20, <0.001) | 0.936 |
| Thyroid disease (±) | 1.59 (0.78–3.21, 0.198) | 1.52 (1.21–1.93, <0.001) | 0.840 | 1.70 (0.76–4.36, 0.266) | 1.84 (1.42–2.37, <0.001) | 0.992 |
| Subjective health awareness (poor/good) | 1.31 (1.07–1.61, 0.008) | 1.48 (1.27–1.72, <0.001) | 0.417 | 1.23 (0.93–1.63, 0.141) | 1.36 (1.13–1.63, <0.001) | 0.585 |
| Hypertension (±) | 0.92 (0.72–1.17, 0.495) | 0.99 (0.83–1.19, 0.928) | 0.824 | 0.86 (0.61–1.21, 0.394) | 0.90 (0.72–1.13, 0.358) | 0.515 |
| Diabetes mellitus (±) | 0.77 (0.55–1.06, 0.103) | 1.03 (0.81–1.31, 0.795) | 0.336 | 0.88 (0.58–1.31, 0.522) | 0.89 (0.67–1.18, 0.422) | 0.687 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis (±) | 0.72 (0.30–1.75, 0.476) | 1.08 (0.77–1.53, 0.653) | 0.480 | 0.84 (0.30–2.32, 0.730) | 1.44 (0.98–2.10, 0.064) | 0.412 |
| Depression (±) | 1.45 (1.07–1.96, 0.016) | 1.37 (1.18–1.61, <0.001) | 0.770 | 1.28 (0.82–2.00, 0.270) | 1.30 (1.10–1.52, 0.002) | 0.960 |
| Atopic dermatitis (±) | 0.92 (0.59–1.45, 0.721) | 1.00 (0.77–1.31, 0.996) | 0.609 | 0.60 (0.29–1.24, 0.169) | 1.02 (0.73–1.42, 0.907) | 0.124 |
| Previous ocular surgery (±)* | 2.45 (1.89–3.17, <0.001) | 1.77 (1.51–2.57, <0.001) | 0.012 | 3.17 (2.29–4.39, <0.001) | 2.05 (1.70–2.46, <0.001) | 0.006 |
Note:
*
Significant OR difference between men and women.
Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; DED, dry eye disease; CI, confidence interval.