Table 1.

Phases of CBPR Activities and Role of Partners

CBPR Principles	Role of Academic Researchers	Role of Community Partners	Joint Decisions
Phase 1: Formation of CAB/partnership and adoption of CBPR principles
Recognizing the community as a unit of identity. Building on strengths and resources within the community. Facilitating collaborative partnerships in all phases of the research. Integrate knowledge and action for mutual benefit of all partners. Promote a co-learning and empowering process that attends to social inequalities.	Provide research expertise.	Serve as the liaison between research team and the Asian community at large.	Develop memorandum of understanding (MOUs). Decide orientation session on CBPR and research methods. Provide cross-training. Meet regularly.
Phase 2: Community Needs Assessment
Build on strengths and resources within the community. Facilitate collaborative partnerships in all phases of the research. Involve a cyclical and iterative process; address health from both positive and ecological perspectives. Disseminate findings and knowledge gained to all partners including community members in ways that are understandable and useful.	Work with the church leaders to collect information in a comfortable and respectful way. Determine what information is relevant. Provide examples of best practice for in-depth interview, survey data collection, and analyses. Discuss common challenges in conducting in-depth interview and survey, Conduct in-depth interview and survey.	Reflect the community’s perspective on in-depth interview Provide suggestions on questions to ask and wording Provide suggestions for recruitment methods and for selection of church leaders and community health workers. Share information to help better understand strengths and challenges within the community. Recruit survey participants.	Decide on questions, wording, and format of questions. Select locations in which to conduct in-depth interview and survey. Code and analyze data, discuss and interpret the results. Convene community forums.
Phase 3: Development of a culturally appropriate intervention
Facilitate collaborative partnerships in all phases of the research. Integrate knowledge and action for mutual benefit of all partners. Involve a cyclical and iterative process; address health from both positive and ecological perspectives.	Conduct a systematic literature review. Summarize primary findings from best practice program, identify specific needs from Korean Americans. Design core elements of the intervention program.	Help to format key findings from literature to enhance the program development. Provide feedback on what is appropriate and what is missing from the program. Provide views on cultural issues and program settings.	Intervention planning meetings. Develop education curriculum.
Phase 4: Evaluation of the pilot hepatitis B intervention in local communities
Facilitating collaborative partnerships in all phases of the research. Integrating knowledge and action for mutual benefit of all partners Involve a cyclical and iterative process; address health from both positive and ecological perspectives. Disseminating findings and knowledge gained to all partners including community members in ways that are understandable and useful.	Develop easy to understand questions to help participants express their knowledge, behavior, and health beliefs Conduct the pilot intervention Assist patient navigation	Recruit participants Church health workers support professional staff with administration Bilingual physicians provided with clinical support Discuss the strategy for the control group Provide honest feedback about strengths, challenges, and recommended changes to the program	Delayed hepatitis B intervention for the control group Discuss feedback and how best to modify and expand current programming Recommend a full-scale intervention
Phase 5: Community voice from pilot intervention to a full-scale intervention research
Build on strengths and resources within the community. Facilitate collaborative partnerships in all phases of the research. Integrate knowledge and action for mutual benefit of all partners. Promote a co-learning and empowering process that attends to social inequalities. Involve a cyclical and iterative process; address health from both positive and ecological perspectives. Disseminate findings and knowledge gained to all partners including community members in ways that are understandable and useful.	Write the full-scale research proposal and seek for funding. Oversight the full-scale intervention. Assist patient navigation.	Assist publicizing the program. Recruit participants. Church health workers support professional staff with administration. Bilingual physicians provided with clinical support.	Fine tuning the content of education, survey questions, and language expressions, as well as education delivery format. Assess the level of adherence to each CBPR principle.