Table 2.
Odds Ratio from Multilevel Logistic Regression Models Predicting High Blood Pressure and High Cholesterol Level
| High Blood Pressure | High Cholesterol Level | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |
| Neighborhood-level Variables | ||||||||
| Percent Latino ≥ 25% | 1.42* [1.03–1.96] |
1.34 [0.91–1.97] |
1.34 [0.91–1.98] |
1.36* [1.01–1.82] |
1.48* [1.02–2.14] |
1.47* [1.02–2.14] |
||
| Immigrant concentration (medium) | 0.77 [0.52–1.15] |
0.73 [0.49–1.09] |
0.75 [0.50–1.12] |
0.88 [0.62–1.25] |
0.79 [0.55–1.14] |
0.80 [0.56–1.16] |
||
| Immigrant concentration (high) | 0.65* [0.44–0.95] |
0.63* [0.43–0.92] |
0.64* [0.44–0.94] |
0.73+ [0.51–1.04] |
0.70* [0.49–1.00] |
0.71+ [0.49–1.01] |
||
| Neighborhood poverty ≥ 20% | 1.25 [0.87–1.80] |
1.23 [0.85–1.77] |
0.91 [0.64–1.31] |
0.89 [0.62–1.29] |
||||
| Individual-level Variables | ||||||||
| Age | 1.12*** [1.07–1.18] |
1.12*** [1.07–1.18] |
1.12*** [1.05–1.07] |
1.12*** [1.06–1.17] |
1.19*** [1.13–1.26] |
1.19*** [1.13–1.26] |
1.19*** [1.13–1.26] |
1.19*** [1.13–1.25] |
| Age2 | 1.00* [1.00–1.00] |
1.00* [1.00–1.00] |
1.00* [1.00–1.00] |
1.00* [1.00–1.00] |
1.00*** [1.00–1.00] |
1.00*** [1.00–1.00] |
1.00*** [1.00–1.00] |
1.00* [1.00–1.00] |
| Male | 1.16 [0.86–1.56] |
1.15 [0.85–1.55] |
1.18 [0.87–1.58] |
1.16 [0.85–1.57] |
1.20 [0.89–1.62] |
1.18 [0.88–1.59] |
1.20 [0.89–1.62] |
1.19 [0.87–1.61] |
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 1.30+ [0.95–1.79] |
1.33+ [0.96–1.83] |
1.25 [0.91–1.73] |
1.24 [0.90–1.71] |
1.63** [1.18–2.24] |
1.67** [1.21–2.29] |
1.61** [1.17–2.22] |
1.61** [1.16–2.23] |
| Single | 1.01 [0.68–1.52] |
1.00 [0.67–1.51] |
0.97 [0.64–1.45] |
0.94 0.62–1.42 |
1.64* [1.10–2.46] |
1.65* [1.11–2.47] |
1.62* [1.08–2.43] |
1.59* [1.05–2.39] |
| US born | 1.26 [0.95–1.69] |
1.19 [0.89–1.60] |
1.24 [0.93–1.66] |
1.21 [0.90–1.63] |
0.76+ [0.57–1.03] |
0.72* [0.54–0.96] |
0.75+ [0.56–1.01] |
0.76+ [0.56–1.02] |
| Some college | 0.79 [0.55–1.13] |
0.77 [0.53–1.11] |
0.78 [0.54–1.13] |
0.81 [0.56–1.17] |
0.70+ [0.48–1.02] |
0.68* [0.47–0.99] |
0.69+ [0.47–1.00] |
0.72+ [0.49–1.05] |
| College or above | 0.57** [0.38–0.86] |
0.55** [0.36–0.83] |
0.59* [0.39–0.89] |
0.61* [0.40–0.93] |
0.60* [0.40–0.90] |
0.58** [0.39–0.86] |
0.61* [0.41–0.91] |
0.64* [0.42–0.97] |
| 100%–200% FPL | 0.64** [0.45–0.89] |
0.62** [0.44–0.87] |
0.63** [0.45–0.89] |
0.64** [0.45–0.89] |
0.83 [0.58–1.17] |
0.81 [0.57–1.14] |
0.81 [0.57–1.15] |
0.82 [0.57–1.16] |
| 200% FPL or above | 0.47*** [0.33–0.69] |
0.44*** [0.30–0.63] |
0.48*** [0.33–0.70] |
0.49*** [0.34–0.71] |
0.90 [0.62–1.31] |
0.84 [0.58–1.22] |
0.89 [0.61–1.29] |
0.90 [0.62–1.32] |
| Health insurance (yes) | 1.50* [1.03–2.16] |
1.45* [1.00–2.11] |
1.45* [1.00–2.10] |
1.42+ [0.98–2.06] |
1.65* [1.12–2.42] |
1.60* [1.09–2.35] |
1.61* [1.10–2.37] |
1.58* [1.08–2.33] |
| Discrimination (yes) | 1.31 [0.92–1.87] |
1.29 [0.90–1.84] |
1.29 [0.90–1.84] |
1.27 [0.89–1.82] |
1.30 [0.91–1.86] |
1.29 [0.90–1.84] |
1.28 [0.90–1.84] |
1.27 [0.89–1.83] |
| Current smoker | 1.33+ [0.95–1.85] |
1.11 [0.79–1.56] |
||||||
| Leisure-time physical activity | 0.81 [0.61–1.07] |
0.82 [0.62–1.10] |
||||||
| Fruits/vegetable intake | 1.01 [0.93–1.10] |
0.96 [0.88–1.05] |
||||||
| Survey year 2008 | 1.06 [0.78–1.42] |
0.96 [0.70–1.31] |
1.00 [0.73–1.36] |
1.02 [0.74–1.39] |
0.96 [0.70–1.30] |
0.91 [0.67–1.24] |
0.94 [0.69–1.28] |
0.94 [0.69–1.29] |
| Constant | 0.01*** [0.00–0.02]) |
0.01*** [0.00–0.04] |
0.01*** [0.00–0.03] |
0.01*** [0.00–0.03] |
0.00*** [0.00–0.00] |
0.00*** [0.00–0.01] |
0.03*** [0.02–0.06] |
0.00*** [0.00–0.01] |
|
| ||||||||
| Observations | 1,456 | 1,456 | 1,456 | 1,456 | 1,456 | 1,456 | 1,456 | 1,456 |
| Number of tracts | 513 | 513 | 513 | 513 | 513 | 513 | 513 | 513 |
Note. 95% confidence intervals are in parentheses.
***
p<0.001,
**
p<0.01,
*
p<0.05,
+
p<0.10