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. 2017 Aug 25;7:9408. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09686-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Co-culture ovarian microtumours in the static and perfusion culture. (a) Ovarian cancer cells OVCAR8 co-cultured with vascular endothelial cells HUVECs in Matrigel sandwich for 14 days in the static or perfusion culture, with OVCAR8 only or HUVECs only as controls. Scale bar: 200 µm. (b) Testing Paclitaxel (PAX) chemotherapy using ovarian cancer cells OVCAR8 co-cultured with vascular endothelial cells HUVECs in the static or perfusion culture; 3D reconstruction of MPM images via Imaris at day 14 of treatment. White arrows indicate the flow direction. Grid unit: 20 µm. (c) Tissue viability inhibition measured by AlamarBlue assay, showing the influence of perfusion on OVCAR8 microtumours, HUVECs, and co-culture of OVCAR8 and HUVECs microtumours in sandwich Matrigel. For statistics, all the groups have four replicates and the experiments were repeated for three times. Results are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 by Student’s t-test.