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. 2017 Aug 25;7:9470. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09941-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ITC measurement showing the titration of rutin and vanillin with MARK4. (Top) Raw data plot of heat produced against time for the titration of 800–1200 µM rutin and vanillin into 14–20 µM MARK4. (Bottom) Corresponding binding isotherm obtained after integration of peak area and normalization to yield a plot of molar enthalpy change against rutin/vanillin-MARK4 ratio. The two-site fit curve is displayed as a thin line. Experiments were done in duplicate.