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. 2017 Aug 25;7:9536. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10209-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Stigmasterol prevents early apoptosis and impaired insulin secretion due to HGP. (a) Annexin V staining of INS-1 cells treated with LG, HGP and HGP + stig, along with Hoechst staining for cell counting. Scale bars, 50 μm. (b) GSIS of INS-1 cells treated with LG, HGP and HGP + stig. Results are presented as the ratio of insulin secretion at 20 mM glucose to insulin secretion at 2 mM glucose. Data are pooled from six different experiments. *p < 0.05. (c) Total insulin from INS-1 cells treated with HGP and varying concentrations of stigmasterol, normalized to cells with no HGP treatment. *p < 0.05, HGP vs. HGP + Stig treatment.