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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Magn Reson Imaging. 2017 Feb 28;46(5):1349–1360. doi: 10.1002/jmri.25670

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Lymphangiograms pre (above) and post (below) manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) therapy for a 78 year old female with left-sided Stage 2 BCRL scanned three years after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, and removal of 14 lymph nodes (8 positive for carcinoma). The patient experienced reduced stiffness of her limb following a 50-minute session of MLD along with the therapist palpating reduction in fibrosis and induration of the skin along the left inner forearm, upper medial arm and lateral chest wall. The post-MLD findings indicate a reduction but not complete elimination of contrast consistent with lymph stasis (white arrows). Future MLD sessions could focus attention on rerouting the remaining congestion along the lateral chest wall to the ipsilateral lower quadrant. Reductions in contrast consistent with mobilization of lymphatic fluid are depicted by white arrows in (B-C) on the affected side.