Table 2.
Fatty acids intake and development of prostate cancer.
| Reference | Characteristics of the studies | Sample size | Risk of prostate cancer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Giovannucci et al. (42) | Prospective cohort study | 126 cases from a cohort of 47,855 subjects |
Advanced prostate cancer: RR = 0.95 (95% CI = 0.41–2.21, p = 0.56) for high intake of saturated fats RR = 3.43 (95% CI = 1.67–7.04, p = 0.002) for high intake of α-linolenic acid RR = 2.64 (95% CI = 1.21–5.77, p = 0.02) for high intake of fats from red meat RR = 0.90 (95% CI = 0.51–1.61, p = 0.3) for high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid from fish |
| Gann et al. (43) | Prospective cohort study | 120 prostate cancer cases and 120 controls from a cohort of 14,916 subjects |
Total prostate cancer: RR = 2.1 (95% CI = 0.9–4.9, p = 0.03), for highest quartiles of α-linolenic acid intake RR = 2.22 (95% CI = 0.93–5.29, p = 0.04) for high intake of α-linolenic acid and meat RR = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.41–1.82, p = 0.81) for high intake of eicosapentaenoic acid |
| Simon et al. (44) | Meta-analysis from 13 retrospective case–control studies and 3 prospective cohort studies | 5,701 prostate cancer cases and 7,449 controls from case–control studies 9,267 prostate cancer cases among 159,941 subjects from prospective cohort studies |
Total prostate cancer: data from overall analysis; RR = 1.20 (95% CI = 1.01–1.43, p = 0.04) for highest quantiles of α-linolenic acid intake Total prostate cancer: data after adjustment for publication bias; RR = 0.94 (95% CI = 0.79–1.17, p = 0.68) for highest quantiles of α-linolenic acid intake |
| Szymanski et al. (45) | Meta-analysis from 12 case–control studies and from 12 cohort studies | 5,777 cases of prostate cancer cases and 9,805 controls from case–control studies 13,924 prostate cancers cases from a cohort of 445,820 men |
Total prostate cancer: data from case–control studies Odds ratio = 0.85 (95% CI = 0.72–1.00, p = 0.05) for high consumption of fish Total prostate cancer: data from cohort studies RR = 1.01 (95% CI = 0.90–1.14, p = 0.83) for high consumption of fish Prostate cancer mortality: data from pooled results of four cohort studies RR = 0.37 (95% CI = 0.18–0.74, p = 0.005) for high consumption of fish |
| Kurahashi et al. (46) | Population-based prospective study | 329 cases from a cohort of 43,435 men |
Total prostate cancer: RR = 1.62 (95% CI = 1.15–2.29, p < 0.01) for high intake of myristic acid RR = 1.53 (95% CI = 1.07–2.20, p = 0.04) for high intake of palmitic acid |