. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 29.

Published in final edited form as: Biochemistry. 2017 Jun 16;56(25):3184–3196. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00249

Table 1.

Evidence for Multienzyme Metabolic Complexes

metabolic pathway	in vitro evidence	fixed cell evidence (†colocalization)	live cell evidence († colocalization)	organism
glucose metabolism	mass spectrometry²⁶	immunofluorescence microscopy,²⁵ transmission electron microscopy^24,25	fluorescence microscopy²⁵	Trypanosomatida
	co-immunoprecipitation^7,38,39 mass spectrometry^7,38,39			plants
	co-immunoprecipitation³⁴		fluorescence microscopy³³	yeast
		Immunofluorescence microscopy^43,44		fly
	enzyme inhibitor-binding assays⁴⁷	immunofluorescence microscopy^46,48†		mammal (erythrocyte)
		immunofluorescence microscopy^52,53	fluorescence microscopy⁵³†, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching,⁵³ intracellular fluorescence resonance energy transfer⁵³†	human (cancer cells)
pyruvate metabolism	cryoelectron microscopy⁵⁵			mammal
	surface plasmon resonance⁵⁶	immunofluorescence microscopy^62,63		human (cancer cells)
TCA cycle	bacterial two-hybrid analysis,⁶⁷ strep-protein interaction experiment,^67,73 in vitro reconstitution⁶⁸			bacteria
	cross-linking and mass spectrometry,⁷⁰ diffusion analysis⁷¹		fluorescence recovery after photobleaching⁶⁹	mammal
mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation	native PAGE gel⁷⁵			yeast
			proteomic mapping⁸¹	fly
	cryoelectron microscopy⁷⁶			mammal
			proteomic mapping^6,80	human (embryonic kidney)
purine biosynthesis	Tango assay⁹¹		fluorescence microscopy^88,94†, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching⁹²	human (cancer cells)
pyrimidine biosynthesis	cryoelectron microscopy¹¹³	immunofluorescence microscopy¹¹³		bacteria
		immunofluorescence microscopy¹¹⁴	fluorescence microscopy¹¹⁶	yeast
		immunofluorescence microscopy¹¹²		fly
		immunofluorescence microscopy¹²⁴		mammal
		immunofluorescence microscopy^102,114		human (cancer cells)
fatty acid synthesis	X-ray crystallography¹²⁸			bacteria
	X-ray crystallography,¹²⁹ cryoelectron microscopy¹³⁰	immunofluorescence microscopy¹³²	fluorescence microscopy¹³²	yeast
	single particle cryoelectron microscopy¹³¹			mammal
			bioluminescence resonance energy transfer¹³³†	human (cancer cells)
natural product biosynthesis	mass spectrometry¹⁴⁴		fluorescence microscopy¹⁴⁴†	bacteria
	co-immunoprecipitiation¹⁴⁰	immunofluorescence microscopy¹⁴²	fluorescence microscopy^139,140†	fungus
amino acid metabolism	X-ray crystallography^153,155			bacteria
	mass spectrometry^156,157			mammal