Table 1.
Inhibitory natural killer (NK) cell receptors involved in NK cell education.
| Receptor | Ligand | aa at position 80 of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) heavy chain | Effect on education when ligand is present | Ligand levels in HIV-infected cells | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NKG2A | HLA-E + leader peptide from HLA-A, -B, -C, and -G | Enhanced | Maintained | (48, 49) | |
| Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)3DL1 | HLA-B*Bw4, HLA-A*23, *24, and *32 | Isoleucine (*80I) or threonine (*80T) | Enhanced | Downmodulated | (52–54) |
| KIR2DL1 | HLA-C2 | Lysine | Enhanced | Maintained or downmodulated depending on HIV isolate | (56–60) |
| KIR2DL2 | HLA-C1 (some HLA-C2) | Asparagine | Enhanced | Maintained or downmodulated depending on HIV isolate | (56–60) |
| KIR2DL3 | HLA-C1 (some HLA-C2) | Asparagine | Enhanced | Maintained or downmodulated depending on HIV isolate | (56–60) |