Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the cohort stratified by socioeconomic status
| Highest attained education | Basic school | Upper secondary | Vocational | Short/medium length higher education | Master’s Degree/Ph.D. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 1,230,283 (36.2) | 161,342 (4.8) | 1,291,659 (38.1) | 553,451 (16.3) | 158,201 (4.7) |
| Age (IQR) | 50.9 (36.5–70.5) | 30.0 (30.0–37.3) | 41.4 (30.0–52.7) | 38.9 (30.0–49.9) | 38.3 (30.0–49.8) |
| Male (%) | 543,959 (44.2) | 80,772 (50.1) | 732,954 (56.8) | 236,722 (42.8) | 100,711 (63.7) |
| Diabetes (%) | 2384 (0.2) | 212 (0.1) | 1848 (0.1) | 944 (0.2) | 222 (0.1) |
| Hypertension (%) | 843 (0.1) | 255 (0.03) | 1337 (0.2) | 555 (0.1) | 106 (0.1) |
| Periphere vascular disease (%) | 8686 (0.7) | 173 (0.1) | 4840 (0.4) | 1069 (0.2) | 233 (0.2) |
| Acute myocardial infarction (%) | 29,126 (2.4) | 476 (0.3) | 17,577 (1.4) | 3862 (0.7) | 1232 (0.8) |
| Valvular heart disease (%) | 1754 (0.1) | 83 (0.1) | 1126 (0.1) | 337 (0.1) | 124 (0.1) |
| Chronic heart failure (%) | 6555 (0.5) | 153 (0.1) | 3346 (0.3) | 830 (0.2) | 288 (0.2) |
| Mild liver disease (%) | 6999 (0.6) | 437 (0.3) | 5411 (0.4) | 1438 (0.3) | 361 (0.2) |
| Severe liver disease (%) | 2431 (0.2) | 318 (0.2) | 3103 (0.2) | 1030 (0.2) | 453 (0.3) |
| Acute renal failure (%) | 1026 (0.1) | 75 (0.1) | 644 (0.1) | 239 (0.1) | 60 (0.1) |
| Chronical renal failure (%) | 1014 (0.1) | 79 (0.1) | 715 (0.1) | 220 (0.1) | 59 (0.1) |
| Other renal disease (%) | 1446 (0.1) | 151 (0.1) | 1397 (0.1) | 542 (0.1) | 152 (0.1) |
| Cancer (%) | 24,504 (2.0) | 1011 (0.6) | 15,701 (1.2) | 6374 (1.2) | 1689 (1.1) |
| COPD (%) | 24,422 (2.0) | 475 (0.3) | 10,137 (0.8) | 2440 (0.4) | 493 (0.3) |
| Psoriasis (%) | 5400 (0.4) | 311 (0.2) | 3816 (0.3) | 1368 (0.3) | 317 (0.2) |
| Atopic dermatitis (%) | 754 (0.1) | 327 (0.2) | 1278 (0.1) | 858 (0.2) | 247 (0.2) |
| Rheumatic disease (%) | 44,246 (3.6) | 1561 (1.0) | 30,506 (2.4) | 10,474 (1.9) | 2326 (1.5) |
| HIV (%) | 485 (0.04) | 103 (0.1) | 370 (0.03) | 146 (0.03) | 45 (0.03) |
| Surgical procedurea (%) | 6123 (0.5) | 2363 (1.5) | 11,576 (0.9) | 6842 (1.2) | 1448 (0.9) |
| Prosthetic deviceb (%) | |||||
| • Cardiac | 74 (0.01) | 12 (0.01) | 97 (0.01) | 49 (0.01) | 10 (0.01) |
| • Other | 4755 (0.4) | 1515 (0.9) | 7742 (0.01) | 3207 (0.6) | 835 (0.5) |
| Chronic dialysis treatmentc (%) | 33 (0.002) | 7 (0.004) | 18 (0.001) | 10 (0.002) | - |
Socioeconomic status is defined as highest educational level prior to study inclusion
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV, human immune deficiency virus
aAny surgical procedure within 6 months prior to study entry. bCardiac devices: Pacemaker, prosthetic heart valves (mechanic/biological), cardiovascular stents. Other devices: Hip and knee prosthesis, bone fracture treated with metal implants cDialysis treatment (irrespective of indication) within 6 months prior to study entry