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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 29.
Published in final edited form as: Amino Acids. 2011 Dec 21;43(3):1157–1169. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-1171-0

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Schematic model of the effect of nicotine on the innate immune system. The TLR and death receptor pathways, as well as their downstream pathways including ERK, p38 and PI3K, may be modulated by acute nicotine exposure in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The red (or dark gray in print)-highlighted genes are significantly up-regulated by nicotine, whereas the green (or light gray in print)-highlighted genes are down-regulated. The interaction between the pathways shown here is mainly based on the result from this study; the irrelevant details are not included. The figure was drawn by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA; http://www.ingenuity.com/)