Table 1.

Summary of strategies for differentiated models for delivery of long-term ART [13, 20]

Key objective		ART adherence clubs		CADP	CAG	CHBC
		Facility-based club	Community-based club
Patient perspective	Reduce cost (time + transport)	• Reduction of clinical visit • Less time spent at clinic for drug refill	• Reduction of clinical visit • Less time spent a clinic for drug refill	• Reduction of clinical visit • Less time spent at clinic for drug refill	• Reduction of clinical visit • Less time spent at clinic for drug refill	• Reduction of clinical visit • Less time spent at clinic for drug refill
	Increase peer support	At club in health facility and potentially beyond into community	At club in community and beyond	At distribution points by expert patients	At CAG meetings in community and beyond	At HBC meetings by the CHWs
	Enhance community participation	No	Potentially	Potentially	Potentially	Potentially
Healthcare service perspective	Reduce workload
	• Nurse	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
	• Pharmacist	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
	• Counsellor/CHW expert patient	No (facilitation by club)	No (facilitation by club)	No (Distribution and monitoring)	No (formation, training and supervision of CAGs)	No (formation, training and supervision of HBC)
	Maintain/improve health outcomes
	• Adherence	Yes	Yes	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown
	• Retention	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
	Improve self-management of patient	Adherence support	Adherence support and tracing	Organisation of service for drug refill, adherence support, tracing and testing	Drug refill, adherence support, tracing and testing	Adherence support and tracing
	Decongest facility	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

CADP community ART distribution point, CAG community ART groups, CHBC community home-based care