Table 1.
Information on studied diapause related genes of Haemonchus contortus.
| Gene | Length (aa) | Promoter expression pattern |
Highest transcription | Functions | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H. contortus | C. elegans | |||||
| Hc-daf-2 | 1404 | AWA | AWA, ADF, ASH, nerve ring | iL3 | Insulin receptor; partially rescue Ce-daf-2 mutant; related in the transition to parasitism | Li et al., 2014b |
| Hc-age-1 | 1156 | Intestine | Amphidial neurons, intestine | Eggs, iL3, FAa | A subunit of PI3Ks; interaction with Hc-aap-1 | Li et al., 2014b |
| Hc-aap-1 | 427 | Anterior intestine | Amphidial and phasmidial neurons | Eggs, FA, iL3, FL4sb | A subunit of PI3Ks; interaction with Hc-age-1 | Li et al., 2014b |
| Hc-pdk-1 | 576 | Head and tail neurons, intestine | Head neurons, pharynx, intestine, hypodermal cells | iL3 | Similar to Ce-pdk-1, promote arrested development | Li F.C. et al., 2016 |
| Hc-ubq | 128 | Resistance desiccation through the ubiquitin-protease system | Yang et al., 2015 | |||
| Hc-gst | 205 | Resistance desiccation through the enzymatic antioxidant pathway | Yang et al., 2015 | |||
| Hc38 | 592 | Affect larvae development | He et al., 2011 | |||
| Hc-fau-a/b | 130/107 | Intestine | Intestine, pharynx, muscle, neurons | L4s (lowest) | Lifespan; body size; reproduction | Yan B. et al., 2014 |
| Hc-maoc-1 | 299 | intestine (IFA) | Intestine | L4 | Peroxisomal β-oxidation; lifespan; body length | Ding et al., 2017 |
| Hc-daf-22 | 533 | Pharynx, excretory cell, intestine | Pharynx, intestine, hypodermis | L3, L4 | Peroxisomal β-oxidation and the development in H. contortus | Guo et al., 2016 |
| Hc-hsp70 | 646 | Intestine | Multiple tissuesc | eggs | Homologous to C. elegans hsp-1, related to invasion and survival of nematodes | Zhang et al., 2013 |
aFA: female adult; bFL4s: female L4s; cMultiple tissues: pharynx, anal depressor muscle, body wall muscle, excretory cell and in unidentified cells besides the intestine.