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. 2017 Aug 29;16:109. doi: 10.1186/s12933-017-0591-x

Table 2.

Associations between SFRP5 and cardiometabolic risk factors in the KORA F4 study

Variable Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
β (95% CI) P β (95% CI) P β (95% CI) P β (95% CI) P
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)a −0.12 (−0.18; −0.06) <0.001 −0.12 (−0.18; −0.05) <0.001 −0.05 (−0.11; 0.02) 0.162 −0.06 (−0.12; 0.00) 0.061
2-h glucose (mmol/l)a −0.33 (−0.53; −0.12) 0.002 −0.30 (−0.51; −0.10) 0.004 −0.11 (−0.32; 0.10) 0.301 −0.13 (−0.34; 0.08) 0.228
HbA1c (%)a −0.08 (−0.12; −0.05) <0.001 −0.08 (−0.12; −0.05) <0.001 −0.06 (−0.10; −0.03) 0.001 −0.07 (−0.11; −0.03) <0.001
Fasting insulin (µU/ml)a,b −0.17 (−0.29; −0.05) 0.007 −0.16 (−0.28; −0.04) 0.010 0.05 (−0.07; 0.16) 0.446 0.06 (−0.06; 0.18) 0.367
2-h insulin (µU/ml)a,b −0.21 (−0.33; −0.09) 0.001 −0.20 (−0.31; −0.08) 0.001 −0.03 (−0.14; 0.09) 0.647 −0.03 (−0.15; 0.08) 0.571
HOMA-IRa,b −0.20 (−0.33; −0.07) 0.002 −0.19 (−0.32; −0.06) 0.003 0.04 (−0.09; 0.16) 0.573 0.04 (−0.08; 0.16) 0.518
ISI (composite) (1/((mmol/l) × (pmol/l)))a,b 0.25 (0.13; 0.37) <0.001 0.24 (0.12; 0.36) <0.001 0.02 (−0.09; 0.14) 0.707 0.03 (−0.09; 0.14) 0.667
HOMA-βa −0.08 (−0.20; 0.03) 0.170 −0.08 (−0.19; 0.04) 0.206 0.08 (−0.04; 0.19) 0.207 0.09 (−0.03; 0.21) 0.126
BMI (kg/m2) −1.80 (−2.16; −1.44) <0.001 −1.77 (−2.12; −1.42) <0.001 N/A N/A −1.56 (−1.90; −1.23) <0.001
Waist circumference (cm) −4.30 (−5.21; −3.40) <0.001 −4.23 (−5.12; −3.34) <0.001 −0.27 (−0.71; 0.17) 0.229 −0.17 (−0.62; 0.28) 0.451
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)c −4.19 (−6.46; −1.92) <0.001 −3.99 (−6.28; −1.70) 0.001 −3.36 (−5.76; −0.95) 0.007 −3.40 (−5.83; −0.97) 0.006
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)c −1.56 (−2.73; −0.40) 0.009 −1.49 (−2.67; −0.32) 0.013 −0.95 (−2.18; 0.28) 0.131 −1.07 (−2.31; 0.16) 0.089
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)d 0.09 (0.05; 0.12) <0.001 0.08 (0.05; 0.12) <0.001 0.03 (0.00; 0.06) 0.070 0.04 (0.01; 0.08) 0.009
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)d −0.04 (−0.13; 0.04) 0.334 −0.04 (−0.13; 0.04) 0.346 −0.06 (−0.15; 0.04) 0.229 −0.05 (−0.14; 0.04) 0.302
Triglycerides (mmol/l)b,d −0.08 (−0.15; −0.01) 0.026 −0.08 (−0.15; −0.01) 0.029 0.01 (−0.06; 0.08) 0.690 −0.02 (−0.09; 0.05) 0.646
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min per 1.73 m2)e −2.67 (−3.80; −1.54) <0.001 −2.70 (−3.82; −1.58) 0.001 −3.74 (−4.89; −2.59) <0.001 −3.77 (−4.91; −2.63) <0.001
hsCRP (mg/l)b −0.32 (−0.45; −0.20) <0.001 −0.31 (−0.44; −0.19) <0.001 −0.16 (−0.28; −0.04) 0.012 −0.18 (−0.31; −0.06) 0.005
IL-6 (pg/ml)b −0.13 (−0.21; −0.05) 0.001 −0.13 (−0.20; −0.05) 0.001 −0.04 (−0.12; 0.04) 0.328 −0.05 (−0.13; 0.03) 0.328
IL-1RA (pg/ml)b −0.11 (−0.16; −0.06) <0.001 −0.11 (−0.16; −0.06) <0.001 −0.01 (−0.06; 0.04) 0.700 −0.02 (−0.07; 0.03) 0.484
Adiponectin (µg/ml)b 0.19 (0.13; 0.25) <0.001 0.19 (0.13; 0.25) <0.001 0.13 (0.06; 0.19) <0.001 0.09 (0.03; 0.15) 0.003

Regression coefficients β and 95% CI are standardised to a doubling in SFRP5 levels in linear regression analysis. Italics print indicates significant associations (P < 0.05)

Model 1 adjusted for age, sex, Model 2 model 1 + physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, Model 3 model 2 + BMI, Model 4 model 3 + HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, lipid-lowering medication, hypertension, history of myocardial infarction, estimated glomerular filtration rate

aIndividuals with known type 2 diabetes (n = 156) excluded

bVariables were log2-transformed for the linear regression analysis

cIndividuals with anti-hypertensive medication (n = 627) excluded, no adjustment for hypertension in model 4

dIndividuals with lipid-lowering medication (n = 270) excluded, no adjustment for HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and lipid-lowering medication in model 4

eNo adjustment for eGFR in model 4