Table 2.
Metabolic syndrome definition.
| Cardiovascular risk factor | Measurement | Definition | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central obesity | Waist circumference | Region | Men | Women |
| Asia | ≥90 cm | ≥80 cm | ||
| Europe, Africa, and Middle-East | ≥94 cm | ≥80 cm | ||
| America | ≥102 cm | ≥88 cm | ||
| Insulin resistance | Fasting blood glucose | ≥100 mg/dL (5.55 mmol/L) | ||
| Hypertension | Blood pressure | ≥130/85 mmHg | ||
| Dyslipidemia∗ | Fasting blood triglycerides | ≥150 mg/dL | ||
| Fasting blood HDL cholesterol | ≤50 and ≤40 mg/dL for women and men, respectively | |||
According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), metabolic syndrome is defined as central obesity plus 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors [133], and according to the American Heart Association (AHA), metabolic syndrome is defined by having 3 or more cardiovascular risk factors [134]. ∗High triglyceride levels and low HDL cholesterol levels are considered independent risk factors for the definition of metabolic syndrome. HDL denotes high-density lipoprotein.