Table 2.
Distribution of cases and controls and risk of lung cancer by work environmenf
| INRS Work Environment Group | Sector/activity (NAF code*) | Occupation/process (ISCO code†) | Cases | Controls | OR§ | 95% Cl |
| Mean UE/m3(±SD)‡ | N | N | ||||
| Never worked in environment exposed to endotoxins¶ | 2461 | 2895 | 1.00 | Reference | ||
| Ever worked in environment exposed to endotoxins** | 465 | 660 | 0.8 | (0.66–0.95) | ||
| Agriculture | ||||||
| Greenhouse plant cultivation | 23 | 39 | 0.66 | (0.33–1.33) | ||
| 110 (±4.3) | Growing of vegetables; truck farming (01.1C) | Farm managers and supervisors (6–00†) | ||||
| Growing of horticultural specialities and nursery products(01.1D) | General farmers (6–11) | |||||
| Growing of fruit (except grapes) (01.1F) | Horticultural Farmer (6–12.70) | |||||
| Agricultural service activities (01.4A) | General Farm Workers (6–21.05/10) | |||||
| Growing of crops combined with farming of animals (mixed farming)(01.3Z) | Nursery Workers and Gardeners (627†) | |||||
| Outside plant cultivation | 99 | 131 | 0.94 | (0.66–1.35) | ||
| 110 (±2.5) | Growing of crops; market gardening; horticulture (01.1*) | Farm managers and supervisors (6–00†) | ||||
| Agricultural service activities (01.4A) | General farmers (6–11) | |||||
| Growing of crops combined with farming of animals (mixed farming)(01.3Z) | Specialised farmers (6–12.20/30/70) | |||||
| General farm workers (6–21†) | ||||||
| Field crop and vegetable farm workers (6–22†) | ||||||
| Orchard, vineyard and related tree and shrub crop workers (6–23†) | ||||||
| Nursery workers and gardeners(6–27†) | ||||||
| Dairy farms†† | 31 | 87 | 0.25 | (0.14–0.45) | ||
| 1570 (±2.5) | Farming of cattle (01.2A) | Farm managers and supervisors (6–00†) | ||||
| Farming of sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules and hinnies (01.2C) | General farmers (6–11) | |||||
| Animal husbandry service activities, except veterinary activities (01.4D) | Specialised farmers (6–12.40/50) | |||||
| Growing of crops combined with farming of animals (mixed farming)(01.3Z) | General farm workers (6–21†) | |||||
| Dairy farm workers (6–25†) | ||||||
| Cattle†† | 97 | 256 | 0.43 | (0.31–0.6) | ||
| 1570 (±2.5) | Farming of cattle (01.2A) | Farm managers and supervisors (6–00†) | ||||
| Farming of sheep, goats, horses, asses, mules and hinnies (01.2C) | General farmers (6–11) | |||||
| Growing of crops combined with farming of animals (mixed farming)(01.3Z) | Specialised farmers (6–12.40/50) | |||||
| General farm workers (6–21†) | ||||||
| Livestock workers (6–24†) | ||||||
| Dairy farm workers (6–25†) | ||||||
| Poultry†† | 34 | 109 | 0.44 | (0.26–0.71) | ||
| 84 310 (±13) | Farming of poultry (01.2G) | Farm managers and supervisors (6–00†) | ||||
| Growing of crops combined with farming of animals (mixed farming)(01.3Z) | General farmers (6–11) | |||||
| Poultry farmer (6–12.60) | ||||||
| Farm worker (general)(6–21.05) | ||||||
| Poultry farm workers (6–26†) | ||||||
| Pigs†† | Farming of swine (01.2E) | Farm managers and supervisors (6–00†) | 39 | 115 | 0.48 | (0.3–0.76) |
| 1510 (±2.1) | Growing of crops combined with farming of animals (mixed farming)(01.3Z) | General farmers (6–11) | ||||
| Livestock farmer (6–12.40) | ||||||
| General farm workers (6–21†) | ||||||
| Livestock worker (general) (6–24.10) | ||||||
| Pig farm workers (6–24.40) | ||||||
| Work with grains | 25 | 45 | 0.72 | (0.36–1.4) | ||
| 6000 (±8.6) | Growing of cereals and other crops n.e.c. (01.1A) | Farm managers and supervisors (6–00†) | ||||
| Growing of fruit (except grapes) (01.1F) | General farmers (6–11) | |||||
| Agricultural service activities (01.4A) | Specialised farmers (6–12.20/30/70) | |||||
| Manufacture of grain mill products. starches and starch products (15.6*) | General farm workers (6–21†) | |||||
| Field crop and vegetable farm workers (6–22†)excluding 6–22.40 and 6–22.60 | ||||||
| Grain millers and related workers (7–71†) | ||||||
| Agri-transformation/agri-food | ||||||
| Flour manufacturing | 2 | 2 | - | - | ||
| 280 (±7.7) | Flour milling (15.6A) | Grain millers and related workers (7–71†) | ||||
| Coffee-roasting plant and tea trading | 4 | 4 | - | - | ||
| 140 (±3.4) | Processing of tea and coffee (15.8P) | Tea, coffee and cocoa preparers (7–77†) | ||||
| Sugar production | 1 | 2 | - | - | ||
| 130 (±4.0) | Manufacture of sugar (15.8 hour) | Sugar processers and refiners (7–72†) | ||||
| Bakeries | 48 | 44 | 1.07 | (0.64–1.81) | ||
| 49 (±7.4) | Bakery and bakery confectionery (15.8C) | Bakers, pastry cooks and confectionery makers (7–76†) | ||||
| Grain transport | 8 | 14 | 0.4 | (0.13–1.23) | ||
| 2150 (±9.0) | Growing of cereals and other crops n.e.c. (01.1A) | Farm machinery operators (628†) | ||||
| Growing of fruit (except grapes) (01.1F) | Motor vehicle drivers (9–85.50/60) | |||||
| Agricultural service activities (01.4A) | ||||||
| Manufacture of grain mill products. starches and starch products (1.56*) | ||||||
| Slaughterhouses | 30 | 25 | 1.07 | (0.55–2.09) | ||
| 51 (±6.8) | Production and preserving of meat (15.1A) | Butchers and meat preparers (7–73†) | ||||
| Production and preserving of poultry meat (15.1C) | ||||||
| Meat processing | 22 | 19 | 1.41 | (0.63–3.13) | ||
| 23 (±3.6) | Industrial production of meat products (15.1E) | Butchers and meat preparers (7–73†) | ||||
| Cooked meats production and trade (15.1F) | ||||||
| Waste collection and treatment | 26 | 43 | 0.51 | (0.27–0.95) | ||
| Waste collection and treatment | Sewage and refuse disposal. sanitation and similar activities (90.0*) | Charworkers, cleaners and related workers (5–52†) | ||||
| 103 (±3.1) | Stationary engine and related equipment operators not elsewhere classified (9–69.50/60/90) | |||||
| Material handling equipment operators not elsewhere classified (9–79.30/90) | ||||||
| Motor vehicle drivers (9–85.50/60/90) | ||||||
| Labourers (9–99.10) | ||||||
| Wood industry | ||||||
| Sawmills | 80 | 69 | 1.36 | (0.9–2.07) | ||
| 190 (±5.7) | Manufacture of wood and of products of wood and cork, except furniture; | Sawyers, plywood makers and related wood-processing workers (7–32†) | ||||
| manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials (20*) | Cabinet makers and related woodworkers (8–1†) | |||||
| Carpenters, joiners and parquetry workers (9–54†) | ||||||
| Textile industry | ||||||
| Cotton | 19 | 17 | 1.03 | (0.28–3.74) | ||
| 4540 (±15) | Preparation and spinning of textile fibres (17.1A/M) | Fibre preparers (7–51‡ excluding 7–51.20) | ||||
| Cotton-type weaving (17.2A) | Spinners and winders (7–52†) | |||||
| Manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel (17.4*) | Weavers and related workers (7–54†) | |||||
| Manufacture of other textiles (17.5A/C/E/G) | Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers not elsewhere classified (7–59.20/25) | |||||
| Wool | 12 | 8 | 2.25 | (0.75–6.75) | ||
| 83 (±24) | Preparation and spinning of textile fibres (17.1C/E/F) | Fibre preparers (7–51†) | ||||
| Textile weaving (17.2C/E) | Spinners and winders (7–52†) | |||||
| Manufacture of carpets and rugs (17.5A) | Knitters (7–55†) | |||||
| Manufacture of knitted and crocheted fabrics (17.6Z) | Spinners, weavers, knitters, dyers and related workers not elsewhere classified (7–59†) | |||||
| Manufacture of knitted and crocheted hosiery (17.7A) | ||||||
| Manufacture of knitted and crocheted pullovers, cardigans and similar articles (17.7C) | ||||||
| Medical/veterinary/research sectors | ||||||
| Veterinary clinics | 1 | 3 | - | - | ||
| 2.9 (±2.1) | Veterinary activities (85.2Z) | Veterinarians (0–65†) | ||||
| Veterinary assistants (0–66†) | ||||||
| Practical aid (veterinary) (5–99.60) | ||||||
| Dental offices | 6 | 5 | 2.73 | (0.65–11.04) | ||
| 4.1 (±3.3) | Dental practice activities (85.1E) | Dentists (0–63†) | ||||
| Dental assistants (0–64†) | ||||||
| Nursing aids (5–99.40) | ||||||
| Other industries | ||||||
| Cigarette/cigar manufacture | 4 | - | - | - | ||
| 29 (±3.5) | Manufacture of tobacco products (16.0*) | Tobacco preparers and tobacco product makers (7–8†) | ||||
| Paper factory | 18 | 17 | 1.13 | (0.46–2.78) | ||
| 69 (±7) | Manufacture of pulp, paper and paper products (21*) | Paper pulp preparers(7–33†) | ||||
| Paper makers (7–34†) | ||||||
| Paper and paperboard products makers (9–1†) | ||||||
*All four-digit codes within that code were considered.
†all five-digit codes within that code were considered.
‡Concentrations of airborne endotoxins expressed as endotoxins units (EU)/m3.
§OR adjusted for age at interview, department, sex, Comprehensive Smoking Index (CSI), number of job periods, education and occupational exposure to asbestos. The never exposed to endotoxins are always the reference group.
¶Never means having no job in work environment group potentially exposed to endotoxins.
**Ever means having held at least one job in work environment group potentially exposed to endotoxins.
††Subjects, having declared a number of heads higher than the median for the specific questionnaire, were also included.
ISCO: International Standard Classification of Occupations; NAF: Nomenclature d'Activités Françaises.