Table 1.
Study | Selection bias | Study design | Confounders | Blinding | Data collection | Withdrawals | Global rating | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Awofeso et al, 200143 | Weak | Weak | Weak | Weak | Weak | Strong | Weak |
2 | Clarke et al, 201344 | Strong | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong |
3 | Cropsey and Kristeller, 200531 | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | NA | Strong | Moderate | Moderate |
4 | Cropsey et al, 200830 | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Weak | Strong | Moderate | Moderate |
5 | Etter et al, 201245 | Weak | Weak | Weak | NA | Weak | Weak | Weak |
6 | Howell et al, 201532 | Weak | Moderate | Weak | NA | Moderate | NA | Weak |
7 | Jalali et al, 201533 | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
8 | Kauffman et al, 201134 | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | NA | Strong | NA | Moderate |
9 | Lasnier et al, 201146 | Weak | Weak | Weak | NA | Weak | NA | Weak |
10 | Leone and Kinkade, 199447 | Weak | Weak | Weak | NA | Moderate | NA | Weak |
11 | Lincoln et al, 200942 | Weak | Moderate | Weak | NA | Moderate | Weak | Weak |
12 | MacAskill et al, 200835 | Weak | Weak | Weak | NA | Moderate | Strong | Weak |
13 | Makris et al, 201236 | Weak | Weak | Weak | NA | Moderate | Strong | Weak |
14 | Naik et al, 201437 | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
15 | Richmond et al, 20068 | Strong | Moderate | Weak | Weak | Strong | Strong | Weak |
16 | Richmond et al, 201338 | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong | Strong |
17 | Thibodeau et al, 201039 | Moderate | Moderate | Weak | NA | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
18 | Turan and Turan, 201648 | Strong | Weak | Weak | NA | Weak | Weak | Weak |
19 | Turner et al, 201340 | Moderate | Weak | Moderate | NA | Weak | NA | Weak |
20 | Voglewede and Noel, 200441 | Weak | Weak | Weak | NA | Strong | NA | Weak |
NA, not applicable.