Table 3.
Multivariable-adjusted associations of left ventricular structure with averaged annual exposure to air pollutants
| Characteristic | Pollutant (IQR) | Estimate (95% confidence interval) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Left ventricular mass index g/m2 (n = 671) | Black carbon (+0.27 µg/m3) | −0.977 (−2.766 to 0.812) | 0.28 |
| PM2.5 (+1.13 µg/m3) | −1.094 (−2.658 to 0.469) | 0.17 | |
| PM10 (+3.35 µg/m3) | −1.504 (−3.351 to 0.342) | 0.11 | |
| NO2 (+ 4.00 ppm) | −1.234 (−2.634 to 0.166) | 0.084 | |
| End-diastolic diameter, cm (n=671) | Black carbon (+0.27 µg/m3) | −0.008 (−0.050 to 0.033) | 0.69 |
| PM2.5 (+1.13 µg/m3) | −0.010 (−0.046 to 0.027) | 0.61 | |
| PM10 (+3.35 µg/m3) | −0.013 (−0.056 to 0.030) | 0.55 | |
| NO2 (+ 4.00 ppm) | −0.011 (−0.044 to 0.021) | 0.49 | |
| Relative wall thickness (n = 671) | Black carbon (+0.27 µg/m3) | −0.0036 (−0.0098 to 0.0025) | 0.25 |
| PM2.5 (+1.13 µg/m3) | −0.0031 (−0.0085 to 0.0023) | 0.26 | |
| PM10 (+3.35 µg/m3) | −0.0043 (−0.0107 to 0.0021) | 0.19 | |
| NO2 (+ 4.00 ppm) | −0.0034 (−0.0082 to 0.0015) | 0.17 |
Associations accounted for clustering of data among participants living at the same address and were adjusted for sex, age, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, fasting plasma glucose, total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, serum creatinine, γ-glutamyltransferase, smoking, antihypertensive treatment (by drug class), use of lipid-lowering drugs and socioeconomic status. End-diastolic diameter and relative wall thickness were additionally adjusted for body mass index. Effect sizes are for an IQR increase in the exposure to air pollutants.
IQR: interquartile range; PM: particulate matter; HDL: high-density lipoprotein