Table 4.
Multivariable-adjusted associations of systolic left ventricular function with averaged annual exposure to air pollutants.
| Characteristics | Pollutant (IQR increase) | Estimate (95% confidence interval) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ejection fraction, % (n = 671) | Black carbon (+0.27 µg/m3) | −0.403 (−1.148 to 0.342) | 0.29 |
| PM2.5 (+1.13 µg/m3) | −0.547 (−1.196 to 0.101) | 0.098 | |
| PM10 (+3.35 µg/m3) | −0.589 (−1.356 to 0.177) | 0.13 | |
| NO2 (+ 4.00 ppm) | −0.324 (−0.905 to 0.256) | 0.27 | |
| Longitudinal strain, % (n = 671) | Black carbon (+0.27 µg/m3) | −0.458 (−0.840 to −0.077) | 0.019 |
| PM2.5 (+1.13 µg/m3) | −0.380 (−0.714 to −0.045) | 0.026 | |
| PM10 (+3.35 µg/m3) | −0.454 (−0.849 to −0.059) | 0.024 | |
| NO2 (+ 4.00 ppm) | −0.339 (−0.638 to −0.039) | 0.027 | |
| Longitudinal strain rate, s−1 (n = 671) | Black carbon (+0.27 µg/m3) | −0.043 (−0.070 to −0.016) | 0.0016 |
| PM2.5 (+1.13 µg/m3) | −0.042 (−0.065 to −0.018) | 0.00052 | |
| PM10 (+3.35 µg/m3) | −0.049 (−0.076 to −0.021) | 0.00059 | |
| NO2 (+ 4.00 ppm) | −0.033 (−0.054 to −0.012) | 0.0019 | |
| Radial strain, % (n = 610) | Black carbon (+0.27 µg/m3) | −0.187 (−1.540 to 1.165) | 0.79 |
| PM2.5 (+1.13 µg/m3) | −0.392 (−1.558 to 0.775) | 0.51 | |
| PM10 (+3.35 µg/m3) | −0.022 (−1.411 to 1.367) | 0.98 | |
| NO2 (+ 4.00 ppm) | −0.57 (−1.616 to 0.476) | 0.29 | |
| Radial strain rate, s−1 (n = 610) | Black carbon (+0.27 µg/m3) | −0.032 (−0.123 to 0.059) | 0.49 |
| PM2.5 (+1.13 µg/m3) | −0.05 (−0.129 to 0.028) | 0.21 | |
| PM10 (+3.35 µg/m3) | −0.038 (−0.132 to 0.055) | 0.42 | |
| NO2 (+ 4.00 ppm) | −0.049 (−0.120 to 0.021) | 0.17 |
Associations accounted for clustering of data among participants living at the same address and were adjusted for sex, age, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose, total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, serum creatinine, γ-glutamyltransferase, smoking, antihypertensive treatment (by drug class), use of lipid-lowering drugs and socioeconomic status. Effect sizes are for an IQR increase in the exposure to air pollutants. Due to image quality, radial strain and strain rate were available in only 610 participants.
IQR: interquartile range; PM: particulate matter; HDL: high-density lipoprotein