Table 3.

Incidence and hazard ratio of AF for patients with COPD compared to those without COPD, where gender and comorbidities are stratified by age groups (years)

Variables	Non-COPD (n=12,409)			COPD (n=6,208)			Crude HR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted HRa (95% CI)	P-value
	Event	PY	Incidence rate	Event	PY	Incidence rate
Male
40–49	11	5,780,311	0.19	26	2,821,713	0.92	4.97 (2.45–10.08)	<0.001	4.54 (2.22–9.31)	<0.001
50–59	50	8,101,943	0.62	72	3,840,271	1.87	3.13 (2.18–4.49)	<0.001	2.88 (2.00–4.16)	<0.001
60–69	130	11,141,529	1.17	157	5,225,353	3.00	2.61 (2.07–3.30)	<0.001	2.44 (1.93–3.10)	<0.001
≥70	239	8,549,045	2.80	221	4,120,304	5.36	1.93 (1.61–2.32)	<0.001	1.80 (1.49–2.17)	<0.001
Female
40–49	7	3,075,857	0.23	10	1,488,470	0.67	2.92 (1.11–7.66)	0.03	2.83 (1.06–7.58)	0.038
50–59	12	3,184,159	0.38	24	1,488,171	1.61	4.23 (2.11–8.45)	<0.001	3.94 (1.91–8.13)	<0.001
60–69	47	3,490,378	1.35	43	1,612,951	2.67	2.03 (1.34–3.06)	0.001	1.89 (1.24–2.87)	0.003
≥70	47	2,621,134	1.79	56	1,179,316	4.75	2.67 (1.81–3.94)	<0.001	2.34 (1.57–3.50)	<0.001
Comorbidities
40–49	4	1,728,435	0.23	12	1,304,450	0.92	3.89 (1.25–12.06)	0.019	3.50 (1.11–10.99)	0.032
50–59	29	3,589,150	0.81	61	2,295,463	2.66	3.37 (2.16–5.25)	<0.001	3.27 (2.08–5.14)	<0.001
60–69	83	6,154,868	1.35	134	3,640,494	3.68	2.79 (2.12–3.67)	<0.001	2.63 (1.99–3.48)	<0.001
≥70	169	5,675,950	2.98	191	3,223,472	5.93	2 (1.63–2.46)	<0.001	1.85 (1.50–2.29)	<0.001

Note:

^aAdjusted factor: age groups (40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and >70 years), urbanization (levels 1–4), gender, and comorbidities (hypertension, DM, hyperlipidemia, ESRD, CHF, stroke, PAOD, and malignancy).

Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; CHF, congestive heart failure; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HR, hazard ratio; PAOD, peripheral arterial occlusive disease; PY, per 100,000 person-years.