Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and study outcomes (N=3,486)
| Characteristics | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Age: ≥65 vs 40–64 years | 1,161 | 33.30 |
| Female | 2,267 | 65.03 |
| African-American | 733 | 21.03 |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 491 | 14.08 |
| Education: ≥12 years | 2,522 | 72.66 |
| Medical conditions | ||
| Angina | 350 | 10.04 |
| Arthritis | 2,029 | 58.22 |
| Asthma | 2,192 | 62.88 |
| Cancer | 695 | 19.94 |
| Coronary heart disease | 595 | 17.08 |
| Cognitive impairment | 538 | 15.47 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1,901 | 54.53 |
| Diabetes | 806 | 23.12 |
| Hypertension | 2,169 | 62.27 |
| Lung cancer | 50 | 1.44 |
| Myocardial infarction | 402 | 11.53 |
| Stroke/transient ischemic attack | 382 | 10.96 |
| Patient-centered outcomes | ||
| Incident mobility difficulties | 292 | 14.31 |
| Incident decline in perceived health | 312 | 16.89 |
| ≥7 days in bed due to physical illness or emotional problem | 930 | 26.75 |
| Utilization of health care services over 1 year | ||
| Any hospitalization | 719 | 20.63 |
| Hospitalization for respiratory condition | 190 | 5.45 |
| Any emergency department visit | 1,034 | 29.66 |
| ≥6 outpatient visits | 1,746 | 50.09 |