TABLE 2.
Prevalence of Examination Findings by Radiographic Pneumonia Diagnosis and Age
| Finding | Radiographic Pneumonia, n (%) | Age, n (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Pneumonia (n = 105) | Pneumonia (n = 23) | <5 y (n = 81) | ≥ 5 y (n = 47) | |
| General examination | ||||
| General appearance | ||||
| Well | 31 (30) | 4 (17) | 19 (23) | 16 (34) |
| Mildly ill or distressed | 39 (37) | 10 (43) | 34 (42) | 15 (32) |
| Moderately ill or distressed | 32 (30) | 8 (35) | 25 (31) | 15 (32) |
| Severely ill or distressed | 3 (3) | 1 (4) | 3 (4) | 1 (2) |
| Behavior | ||||
| Playing and appropriate | 28 (27) | 5 (22) | 17 (21) | 16 (34) |
| Quiet but appropriate | 45 (43) | 12 (52) | 31 (38) | 26 (55) |
| Sleeping but easily arousable | 10 (10) | 1 (4) | 9 (11) | 2 (4) |
| Fussy but consolable | 17 (16) | 3 (13) | 18 (22) | 2 (4) |
| Irritable | 5 (5) | 1 (4) | 6 (7) | 0 |
| Lethargic, confused, or reduced response to pain | 0 | 1 (4) | 0 | 1 (2) |
| Respiratory examination | ||||
| Crackles | 35 (33) | 14 (61) | 35 (43) | 14 (30) |
| Decreased breath sounds | 36 (34) | 19 (83) | 24 (30) | 31 (66) |
| Wheezing | 36 (34) | 5 (22) | 30 (37) | 11 (23) |
| Retractions | 60 (57) | 13 (57) | 55 (68) | 18 (38) |
| Rhonchi | 38 (36) | 5 (22) | 35 (43) | 8 (17) |
| Tachypneic | 72 (69) | 17 (74) | 61 (75) | 28 (60) |
| Pleuritic chest pain | 7 (20) | 7 (41) | 0 (0) | 14 (33) |
| Nasal flaring | 24 (23) | 6 (26) | 21 (26) | 9 (19) |
| Grunting | 11 (10) | 3 (13) | 10 (12) | 4 (9) |
| Head bobbing | 9 (9) | 0 (0) | 8 (10) | 1 (2) |
| Observed cough | 51 (49) | 17 (74) | 44 (54) | 24 (51) |
| Cardiovascular and perfusion examination | ||||
| Cool extremities | 2 (2) | 2 (9) | 4 (5) | 0 (0) |
| Skin color | ||||
| Pink and/or normal | 91 (87) | 18 (78) | 69 (85) | 40 (85) |
| Pale or dusky | 13 (12) | 5 (22) | 11 (14) | 7 (15) |
| Mottled | 1 (1) | 0 | 1 (1) | 0 |
| Capillary refill time (s) | ||||
| 1–2 | 91 (87) | 18 (78) | 69 (85) | 40 (85) |
| 3 | 14 (13) | 5 (22) | 12 (15) | 7 (15) |
| Peripheral pulses | ||||
| Normal | 102 (97) | 22 (96) | 80 (99) | 44 (96) |
| Bounding | 2 (2) | 1 (4) | 1 (1) | 2 (4) |
| Abdominal examination | ||||
| Abdominal pain | 10 (10) | 4 (17) | 4 (5) | 10 (22) |
| Overall impression | ||||
| Mild | 51 (49) | 4 (17) | 35 (43) | 20 (44) |
| Moderate | 46 (44) | 17 (74) | 40 (49) | 23 (50) |
| Severe | 8 (8) | 1 (4) | 6 (7) | 3 (6) |
Findings reflect the examination of the primary treating clinician (ie, first assessor).