Table 1.
Group and name of compounds | DMF or % survival | Mechanism of action | Chemical structure (pubchem) | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sulfhydryl compounds | ||||
Amifostine (WR-2721) | 2.7 | Free radical scavenging, repair | Hall and Giaccia (2006) | |
Cystaphos (WR-638) | 2.1 | Free radical scavenging, repair | Hall and Giaccia (2006) | |
N-Acetylcysteine | 1.1 | Free radical scavenging | Landauer et al. (1988) | |
Vitamins and hormones | ||||
Vitamin E (tocopherol) | 1.1 | Antioxidant, free radical scavenging | Srinivasan et al. (1997) | |
Tocopherol monoglucoside | 1.23 | Antioxidant, free radical scavenging | Satyamitra et al. (2003) | |
Gamma-tocotrienol (GT3) | 1.29 | Antioxidant, free radical scavenging, stimulation of G-CSF | Ghosh et al. (2009) | |
Tocopherol succinate | 1.28 | Free radical scavenging, modulation of antioxidant enzymes | Landauer et al. (1988) | |
Vitamin A | 1.11 | Free radical scavenging | Seifter et al. (1984) | |
Vitamin C | No protection | Free radical scavenging | Harapanhalli et al. (1996) | |
Lipoic acid | 1.26 | Free radical scavenging | Ramakrishnan et al. (1992) | |
l-Selenomethionine, vitamin C, vitamin E succinate, α-lipoic acid and N-acetylcysteine (mixed) | 1.6 | Free radical scavenging | Wambi et al. (2008) | |
Melatonin | 86 | Free radical scavenging | Vijayalaxmi et al. (1999b) | |
Phytochemicals and dietary antioxidants | ||||
Orientin and vicenin | 1.3–1.37 | Free radical scavenging | Uma Devi et al. (1999) | |
Genistein | 1.16 | Free radical scavenging | Landauer et al. (2003) | |
Sesamol | 100 | Free radical scavenging | Khan et al. (2015) | |
Botanical and herbal extracts | ||||
Podophyllum hexadendrum | 1.62 | Free radical scavenging | N/A | Lata et al. (2009), Gupta et al. (2007) |
Ageratum conyzoides | 1.3 | Free radical scavenging | N/A | Jagetia et al. (2003b) |
Aegle marmelos | 1.2 | Inhibition of lipid peroxidation | N/A | Jagetia et al. (2004b) |
Zingiber officinale | 1.15 | Free radical scavenging | N/A | Jagetia et al. (2003a, 2004a) |
Hippophae rhamnoides | 80 | Free radical scavenging | N/A | Prakash et al. (2005) |
Radiola Imbricata | 90 | Free radical scavenging | N/A | Goel et al. (2006) |
Bacterial extracts | ||||
CBLB502 (recombinant salmonella flagellin) | 1.6 | Binding to toll-like receptor 5 and activation of nuclear factor-kB | N/A | Burdelya et al. (2008) |
CBLB613 (lipopeptide from Mycoplasma arginini) | 1.25 | Induction of interleukins and chemokines | N/A | Singh et al. (2012) |
Cytokines | ||||
IL-1 | 88–100 1.05–1.12 |
Regulates the proliferation of hematopoietic cells | N/A | Neta et al. (1986), Dorie et al. (1989) |
N/A not available