Table 1.
Study characteristics of included articles investigating postural stability in single-leg stance
| Study | Country | Group | Sample size | Sex | Age, years (mean ± SD/range) | Time from: 1) Injury-test 2) Injury-surgery 3) Surgery-test (mean ± SD/median [range]) |
Associated injuries | Balance task | Measures/device considered |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clark et al. [13] | Australia | ACLR, ST R/L: 19/24 PRP |
45 | 30 male 15 female |
26.0 ± 9.8 (15–53 years) |
2) 3.8 ± 3.77 months (0.32–23.97 months) 3) 10.72 ± 4.25 months (5.65–20.4 months) |
Meniscus repair (n = 10) | SLS, flexion, EO 3 × 30 s |
Sway amplitude mean velocity Wii Balance Board |
| Healthy matched controls | 45 | 30 male 15 female |
26.4 ± 9.8 (15–52 years) |
N | |||||
| Dauty et al. [16] | France | ACLR, PT/ST R/L: 21/14 PRP |
35 | 26 male 9 female |
25.5 ± 5.8 | 1) 7.4 months (1–13 months) |
NR | SLS, flexion, EO 3 × 12 s |
Sway area AP path length ML path length Medicapteurs QFP stabilometric platform |
| Healthy controls | 35 | 26 male 9 female |
24.9 ± 5.9 | N | |||||
| Fernandes et al. [18] | Brazil | ACLD, CT 14 DL PRP |
14 | 11 male 3 female |
25.0 ± 7.2 | 1) 9.29 ± 9.59 months (3–18 months) |
N | SLS, EO 3 × 30 s |
Sway area AP amplitude ML amplitude Sway velocity Loran engineering EPS pressure platform |
| Healthy controls | 14 | 10 male 4 female |
25.0 ± 2.8 | N | |||||
| Hoffman et al. [27] | USA | ACLR, PT | 20 | 8 male 12 female |
23.4 ± 5.79 | 2) 9.52 months (3–30 months) |
CD | SLS, EO 4 × 20 s |
Sway path linear mean Kistler force plate |
| Healthy matched controls | 20 | 13 male 7 female |
24.0 ± 4.07 | CD | |||||
| Kouvelioti et al. [33] | Greece | ACLR, ST PRP |
15 | NR | 24.37 ± 3.50 | 3) 24 months | NR | SLS, front raise, EO 1 × 30 s |
Sway area AMTI AccuSway force platform |
| Healthy controls | 10 | NR | 26.75 ± 2.37 | N | |||||
| Mohammadi et al. [38] | Iran | ACLR, PT/ST DL/nDL: 16/12 PRP |
30 | 22 male 8 female |
25.0 ± 2.7 | 3) 8.4 ± 1.8 months (6–10 months) |
Meniscus injury (n = 16) | SLS, flexion, EO 3 × 30 s |
AP sway amplitude ML sway amplitude AP sway velocity ML sway velocity mean velocity Kistler force plate |
| Healthy matched controls | 30 | 24 male 6 female |
24.8 ± 2.4 | N | |||||
| Negahban et al. [40] | Iran | ACLD, CT | 27 | 27 male | 26.74 ± 5.84 | 1) 21.6 ± 26.76 months | NR | SLS, semiflexion, EO 3 × 20 s |
Mean velocity Bertec force platform |
| Healthy matched controls | 27 | 27 male | 26.29 ± 5.07 | N | |||||
| Sayuri Tookuni et al. [52] | Brazil | ACLD, CT R/L: 8 ⁄ 11 PRP |
19 | 18 male 1 female |
15–33 | NR | NR | SLS, flexion, EO 3 × 10 s |
Total path length AP path length ML path length maximum speed Tekscan F-Scan mat |
| Healthy controls | 19 | 11 male, 8 female |
18–30 | N | |||||
| Shiraishi et al. [53] | Japan | ACLR, IT PRP ACLD, CT |
53 30 |
22 male 31 female 15 male 15 female |
25.3 ± 6.6 (18–44) 23.7 ± 5.3 (18–39) |
2) 25.2 ± 21.6 months (0.25–84 months) 3) 45.6 ± 18 months (24–72 months) 1) > 4 months |
Meniscus injury (n = 33) | SLS front raise, EO 3 × 20 s |
Total path length ANIMA GS-10 Gravicorder |
| Healthy controls | 30 | 15 male 15 female |
22.7 ± 2.9 (19–29) |
N | |||||
| Soltani et al. [57] | Iran | ACLD copper CT ACLD non-copper CT |
5 10 |
NR | 26.0 ± 3.0 24.0 ± 2.0 |
1) 18.2 ± 5.0 months 1) 13.0 ± 7.4 months |
N | SLS, EO 5 × 10 s |
Path line length Sway velocity Zebris platform |
| Healthy matched controls | 15 | NR | 23.7 ± 2.4 | N | |||||
| Zouita Ben Moussa et al. [62] | Tunisia | ACLR, PT | 26 | NR | 22.0 ± 3.11 | 3) 24 ± 0.25 months | NR | SLS, EO 3 × 10 s |
Sway velocity NeuroCom Balance Master platform |
| Healthy matched controls | 20 | NR | 23.96 ± 2.02 | N |
NR not reported, N no, CD cannot determine, ACLD anterior cruciate ligament deficient, ACLR anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed, CT conservative treatment, PT patellar tendon allograft/autograft, ST semitendinosus tendon allograft/autograft, IT iliotibial tract autograft, DL/nDL dominant leg/non-dominant leg injury, R/L right/left sided injury, PRP patients completed postsurgical rehabilitation program, SLS single-leg stance, EO eyes open, AP anteroposterior, ML mediolateral