Table 1.
Demographic and obstetric outcome data for total study population.
| Demographics/Outcome | 20–30 Years (n = 68) | 35–39 Years (n = 47) | ≥40 Years (n = 58) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Age Years | 26 (20–30) | 37 (35–39)*** | 42 (40–48)*** | <0.0001 a |
| *Paternal Age Years | 29 (21–39) | 36 (27–45)*** | 43 (25–55)*** | <0.0001 a |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| European | 91.2% (62) | 97.5% (39) | 87.9% (51) | NS |
| Other | 8.8% (4) | 2.5% (1) | 12.1% (6) | NS |
| BMI kg/m2 | 23.6 (19.0–29.9) | 24.0 (18.5–28.6) | 24.6 (19.0–29.6) | NS |
| Marital Status | ||||
| Married | 50.0% (50) | 70.0% (28) | 70.0% (28) | NS |
| Partner | 47.5% (19) | 30.0% (12) | 25.0% (10) | NS |
| Single | 2.5% (1) | 0.0% (0) | 2.5% (1) | NS |
| *Employment | ||||
| Employed | 90.0% (36) | 77.5% (31) | 77.5% (31) | NS |
| Smoking Status | ||||
| Non-Smokers | 100% (68) | 100% (47) | 100% (58) | NS |
| *Housing Status | ||||
| Owns | 57.4% (23) | 90.0%* (36) | 95.0%* (38) | <0.05 b |
| *IMD Score | 18.9 (2.28–72.0) | 16.1 (1.9–76.1) | 15.5 (1.9–73.5) | NS |
| Parity | ||||
| Primiparous | 47.5% (19) | 20.0%* (9) | 22.4%* (13) | <0.05 b |
| Parous | 52.5% (21) | 80.0%* (32) | 77.6%* (45) | <0.05 b |
| Grandparous | 0.0% (0) | 2.5% (1) | 5.2% (3) | NS |
| *Previous Miscarriage | 25.0% (11) | 35.0% (14) | 52.5%* (21) | <0.05 b |
| *Previous APO | ||||
| % of parous women | 14.3% (3) | 25.0% (8) | 22.6% (7) | NS |
| *Previous/Current Fertility Treatment | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | NS |
| Gestation at Delivery | ||||
| Weeks + Days | 40 + 2 (37 + 6–42 + 2) | 39 + 5 (37 + 4–42 + 1)* | 39 + 2 (37 + 1–42 + 4)* | <0.01 a |
| Birthweight (g) | 3380 (2620–4300) | 3500 (2780–4100) | 3481 (2840–4420) | NS |
| IBC | 45.9 (11.0–94.4) | 40.1 (10.4–91.5) | 46.9 (11.1–89.1) | NS |
| IOL | 17.6% (12) | 17.5% (7) | 35.9% (15) | NS |
| Mode of Delivery | ||||
| NVD | 33.8% (23) | 65.0% (26) | 39.7% (23) | NS |
| ELCS | 48.5% (33) | 22.5%** (9) | 43.1% (25) | <0.01 b |
| EMCS | 4.5% (3) | 5.0% (2) | 10.3%* (6) | <0.05 b |
| INST | 13.2% (9) | 7.5%* (3) | 6.9%* (4) | <0.05 b |
| Male Infant | 50.0% (34) | 40.0% (16) | 56.8% (33) | NS |
| CAPO | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | 0.0% (0) | NS |
Data as median (range) or percentage (number). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 compared to control group (20–30 years). aKruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparisons. bFisher’s exact probability test. BMI = Body Mass Index; IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation; APO = Adverse Pregnancy Outcome, IBC = Individualised Birthweight Centile; IOL = Induction of Labour; NVD = Normal Vaginal Delivery; ELCS = Elective Caesarean Section; EMCS = Emergency Caesarean Section; INST = Instrumental Delivery; CAPO = Composite Adverse Pregnancy Outcome. *Data only available from a sub-cohort (20–30 years n = 40; 35–39 years n = 47; ≥40 years n = 40.