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. 2017 Aug 29;7:9903. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10085-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic model for the putative role of (ARN)_X motifs in Hfq mediated sRNA-mRNA pairing. Hfq (grey) binding to (ARN)_X motifs (blue) in both sRNAs (orange) and mRNAs (dark red) exposes the N-site bases, enabling base stacking between the two RNAs. This (ARN)_X-mediated interaction can help to initiate first contact between the two RNA molecules, thereby promoting interaction between complementary regions (green boxes) for sRNA-mRNA annealing. Head-to-head arrangement of the Hfq rings guarantees an antiparallel arrangement of the two interacting RNA molecules.