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. 2017 Aug 29;7:9897. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-03693-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Comparison between predicted and post-operative haemodynamic outcome. (A) Comparison of blood flow profiles (helicity, vorticity, eccentricity, secondary flow degree) between the model-based prediction (CFD) and the post-operative flow profiles (4D Flow MRI) after a surgical procedure are compared. (B) Linear regression plots of predicted and post-operative secondary flow degree, surface averaged wall shear stress and maximal flow velocity across the valve. (C) Bland-Altman plots of predicted and post-operative secondary flow degree, surface averaged wall shear stress and maximal flow velocity across the valve, plotted against the mean. The continuous horizontal lines illustrate mean −1.96 and +1.96 standard deviations.