Table 1.

Summary statistics by sample

	Full estimation sample	Focal sample
Birth weight	3363 (534)	3379 (529)
Gestation (d)	276 (17)	276 (16)
Total kg active ingredients (AI)	748 (4111)	2384 (8328)
Total kg AI of toxicity cat. 1 & 2	248 (3589)	882 (7862)
Total kg AI of toxicity cat 3 & 4	333 (1235)	981 (1730)
Mother’s age <19	0.09	0.09
Mother’s age 19 – 24	0.34	0.33
Mother’s age 25 – 35	0.49	0.49
Mother’s age >35	0.08	0.08
Mother’s ed: <HS	0.33	0.37
Mother’s ed: HS degree	0.32	0.31
Mother’s ed: Some college	0.22	0.22
Mother’s ed: 4 years college+	0.11	0.10
Mother is non-Hispanic White	0.29	0.26
Mother is non-Hispanic Black	0.04	0.02
Mother is Hispanic	0.58	0.68
Mother is other race/ethnicity	0.08	0.04
Child is male	0.51	0.51
Mother smoked	0.02	0.01
Mother underweight (BMI<18.5)*	0.03	0.03
Mother normal weight (BMI 18.5 – 25)*	0.39	0.38
Mother overweight (BMI 25 – 30)*	0.26	0.27
Mother obese (BMI>30)*	0.24	0.25
Prenatal care: <5 visits	0.03	0.03
Prenatal care: 5 – 8 visits	0.13	0.14
Prenatal care: 9 – 14 visits	0.59	0.62
Prenatal care: 15 + visits	0.21	0.19
Low birth weight (<2500 g)	0.049	0.045
Preterm birth	0.103	0.098
Birth abnormalities	0.064	0.058
N	692 586	137 210

Summary statistics for the “full estimation sample” of all births except those in 2006 (due to missing tobacco field) and the subsample of births born to mothers residing in regions with pesticides and births in each year (“focal sample”). Characteristics denoted with “*” indicate attributes that were only available from 2007 forward. Mean (standard deviation) are provided for birth weight, gestation and pesticide active ingredients, and rates within the population are provided for the remaining characteristics