Table 1.

Averaged orientation angle between the axis normal to the plane of the lipid bilayer formed with DMPC and the transition dipole or the molecular axis of a polyene chain of lutein and zeaxanthin present in the membrane.

Orientation angle	Lutein [deg]	Zeaxanthin [deg]
Transition dipole (ν)	41.8 ± 1.4	42.7 ± 0.9
Polyene axis (φ)	36.8 ± 1.7	36.5 ± 1.8

The data on orientation of the dipole transitions are based on the fluorescence-detected linear dichroism experiments (n = 9 liposomes from 3 independent preparations ± S.D.) and the data on orientation of molecular axis are based on the molecular dynamics simulations (standard error of the means obtained from uncertainties in the free energy profiles in Fig. 4C).