Table I.
General characteristics of studied postmenopausal women divided according to Fatty Liver Index level
| Parameter | FLI < 30(n = 80) | 30 ≤ FLI < 60(n = 44) | FLI ≥ 60(n = 26) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years] | 56.0 ±4.90 | 57.3 ±4.39 | 57.5 ±5.22 | 0.203 |
| BMI [kg/m²] | 23.6 ±2.93aaa,bbb | 27.9 ±1.88aaa | 32.8 ±2.70 | < 0.001 |
| WC [cm] | 80.2 ±7.40aaa,bbb | 95.7 ±5.80aaa | 104.5 ±8.29 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose [mmol/l] | 5.24 ±0.39aaa | 5.39 ±0.53 | 5.63 ±0.72 | 0.003 |
| TC [mmol/l] | 6.31 ±0.99a | 6.60 ±1.18 | 6.76 ±0.97 | 0.104 |
| HDL-c [mmol/l] | 1.85 ±0.43aaa,bb | 1.62 ±0.32aaa | 1.34 ±0.27 | < 0.001 |
| LDL-c [mmol/l] | 4.09 ±0.95aa,bb | 4.51 ±1.16 | 4.65 ±0.84 | 0.015 |
| TG [mmol/l]# | 1.06 (0.79–1.41)aaa,bb | 1.42 (0.99–1.83)aaa | 2.31 (1.40–2.45) | < 0.001 |
| Insulin [µIU/l]# | 4.90 (3.89–5.98)aaa,bbb | 8.92 (6.53–10.79)a | 10.05 (7.88–14.40) | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR# | 1.10 (0.90–1.42)aaa,bbb | 2.01 (1.54–2.78)a | 2.67 (1.81–3.64) | < 0.001 |
| SBP [mm Hg] | 119 ±23.1aaa,bbb | 139 ±20.0 | 148 ±18.0 | < 0.001 |
| DBP [mm Hg] | 57.8 ±14.2aaa,bbb | 91.2 ±9.7 | 106 ±10.4 | < 0.001 |
| AST [U/l] | 18 (16–20) | 18 (16–21) | 18 (15–22) | 0.986 |
| ALT [U/l] | 16 (13–20)aaa,bbb | 21 (15–24) | 23 (17–28) | < 0.001 |
| GGT [U/l] | 10.0 (8.0–12.5)aaa,bbb | 13.0 (10.0–16.0)aa | 15.5 (13.0–21.0) | < 0.001 |
| RBP4 [mg/l] | 38.8 ±9.34aaa | 42.1 ±8.63a | 46.0 ±6.38 | 0.001 |
| Cystatin C [mg/l] | 0.73 ±0.09aaa,bbb | 0.79 ±0.10aaa | 0.85 ±0.10 | < 0.001 |
| HsCRP [mg/l] | 0.53 (0.28–1.20)aaa,bbb | 1.39 (0.94–2.56)a | 1.91 (1.16–3.23) | < 0.001 |
| Uric acid [µmol/l] | 234 ±54.6aaa,bbb | 273 ±54.5aaa | 330 ±53.1 | < 0.001 |
| Albumin [g/l] | 46.6 ±2.34 | 47.4 ±2.67 | 47.0 ±2.73 | 0.125 |
| Estradiol [pmol/l]# | 53.5 (39.6–68.1) | 54.5 (41.0–69.0) | 53.0 (41.0–69.0) | 0.961 |
| Total T [nmol/l]# | 1.00 (0.77–1.24) | 1.01 (0.81–1.33) | 1.10 (0.81–1.23) | 0.942 |
| Free T (%)# | 1.04 (0.90–1.18)aaa,bbb | 1.32 (1.13–1.63)aa | 1.58 (1.39–1.80) | < 0.001 |
| Bioavailable T (%)# | 25.5 (23.0–29.7)aaa,bbb | 34.15 (29.4–40.4)aa | 39.9 (36.2–48.8) | < 0.001 |
| SHBG [nmol/l] | 74.67 ±17.93aaa,bbb | 51.37 ±17.02aa | 38.81 ±13.35 | < 0.001 |
| Overweight/obese, n (%) | 30 (37.5) | 44 (100) | 26 (100) | χ2 = 53.23 < 0.001 |
| Normal weight, n (%) | 50 (62.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| MetS (+), n (%) | 5 (6.3) | 26 (59) | 20 (77) | χ2 = 57.29 < 0.001 |
| MetS (–), n (%) | 75 (93.7) | 18 (41) | 6 (23) |
p < 0.001
p < 0.01
p < 0.05 vs. third group
p < 0.001
p < 0.01
p < 0.05 vs. Second group
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or #data with non-Gaussian distribution are shown as median values (interquartile range), or counts and percentages
p-value from one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric analysis of variance, followed by non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, where appropriate; FLI – fatty liver index, BMI – body mass index, WC – waist circumference, HOMA-IR – homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, TC – total cholesterol, HDL-c – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c – low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG – triglycerides, AST – aspartate aminotransferase, ALT – alanine aminotransferase, HsCRP – high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, SBP – systolic blood pressure, DBP – diastolic blood pressure, T – testosterone, SHBG – sex-hormone binding globulin, MetS (+) – postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome, MetS (–) – postmenopausal women without metabolic syndrome.