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. 2017 Aug 29;7:9716. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09289-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sexual dimorphism and sex independent expression and response to CR for genes upregulated by CR. The daily rhythms in expression of mRNA for Fmo3 (a) and Cyp4a14a (b) in the liver: blue diamonds and dashed lines – AL male mice; red squares and solid lines – CR male mice, green triangles and dashed lines – AL female mice; purple x and solid lines – CR female mice. For all panels graphs are double plotted. Light is on at ZT0 and off at ZT12. a, b, c, d – statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between indicated groups at time point. Open bars represent light and black bars represent dark phase of the day. Food for CR group was provided at ZT14. At every time of the day 3 mice of each sex were used for each diet.