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. 2017 Aug 29;7:9672. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10124-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of TGF-β inhibitor LY2157299 on the levels of VEGF and TNF-α protein expression and Smad2/3 phosphorylation in RPE-choroid complex of mice after Laser-induced CNV formation. (A) The typical result of Western blot showed changes of VEGF and TNF-α protein expressions. The quantitative analysis results demonstrated that the protein expression levels of VEGF (B) and TNF-α (C) were significantly elevated and peaked at 3–4 weeks following CNV induction, but TGF-β chemical inhibitor LY2157299 (intraperitoneal injection, 3.0 μg/g BW) treatment could significantly suppress the increase of VEGF and TNF-α protein expressions in RPE-choroid complex of mice at 1–4 weeks after Laser-induced CNV formation. (D) The representative result of Western blot showed the effect of LY2157299 on Smad2/3 phosphorylation and TGF-β protein expression levels in RPE-choroid complex of Laser-treated mice. The quantitative analysis results indicated that LY2157299 could significantly inhibit the increase of p-Smad2/Smad2 (E) and p-Smad3/Smad3 (F) levels in RPE-choroid complex of mice at 2–3 weeks after Laser-induced CNV formation. *P < 0.05 vs Nor; ^#P < 0.05 vs corresponding PBS treatment; n = 5 per group.