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. 2017 Aug 29;7:9813. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10230-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Subgroup meta-analysis for the effect of different sample size. Note: The sample size of the included studies is different. In our study, a sample size of lower than 1000 juveniles was considered as small sample size. Accordingly, a sample size of higher than 1000 juveniles was thought as large sample. In spite of different sample size, the meta-analysis still showed that juveniles with sleep problems still hold a higher risk of being injured than juveniles without sleep problems. For the study with small sample size, the heterogeneity would be lower.