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. 2017 Aug 29;7:9857. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09886-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Regulatory effects of ajoene in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Simplified overview of the two-component regulatory systems in P. aeruginosa and S. aureus controlling the expression of the sRNAs. In P. aeruginosa GacS/GacA induces expression of the two sRNAs, RsmY and RsmZ and in S. aureus AgrC/AgrA induces expression of the sRNA RNAIII. The decrease in expression of rsmY and rsmZ is believed to increase free RsmA leading to changes in different phenotypic traits. Red arrows, measured effect of ajoene; dashed red arrows, possible effect of ajoene; black dashed arrows with cross, unlikely target of ajoene; blue arrows, effect of ajoene on regulatory systems presumably by non-directly interaction; black arrows, positive control in the Gac/Rsm cascade and Agr system; T-bars, negative control in the Gac/Rsm cascade and Agr system.